(c) A practical voltage regulator involving a Zener diode reference and series pass transistor is shown in Fig. 15. The circuit is connected to an unregulated voltage source VIN i IN R 380 + VIN +1 100 100 RL VOUT λουτ VZ iz Figure 15: Single-transistor voltage regulator. If a change in the load causes the output voltage Vour to decrease, explain how the circuit responds to restore the output voltage. Note: No mathematical analysis is required, and a simple chain of reasoning is sufficient. (ii) Sketch the small-signal equivalent circuit of the regulator and simplify your diagram as much as possible. (iii) The unregulated voltage source VIN is now replaced with a constant voltage VIN = 9V. If the operating point of the Zener diode is (Iz, Vz) = (5 mA, 6.7V), and the transistor has VBE = 0.7V, calculate the efficiency of the regulator.

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(c) A practical voltage regulator involving a Zener diode reference and series pass transistor is
shown in Fig. 15. The circuit is connected to an unregulated voltage source VIN
i IN
R 380
+
VIN
+1
100
100 RL
VOUT
λουτ
VZ
iz
Figure 15: Single-transistor voltage regulator.
If a change in the load causes the output voltage Vour to decrease, explain how the
circuit responds to restore the output voltage.
Note: No mathematical analysis is required, and a simple chain of reasoning is sufficient.
(ii) Sketch the small-signal equivalent circuit of the regulator and simplify your diagram as
much as possible.
(iii) The unregulated voltage source VIN is now replaced with a constant voltage VIN = 9V.
If the operating point of the Zener diode is (Iz, Vz) = (5 mA, 6.7V), and the transistor
has VBE = 0.7V, calculate the efficiency of the regulator.
Transcribed Image Text:(c) A practical voltage regulator involving a Zener diode reference and series pass transistor is shown in Fig. 15. The circuit is connected to an unregulated voltage source VIN i IN R 380 + VIN +1 100 100 RL VOUT λουτ VZ iz Figure 15: Single-transistor voltage regulator. If a change in the load causes the output voltage Vour to decrease, explain how the circuit responds to restore the output voltage. Note: No mathematical analysis is required, and a simple chain of reasoning is sufficient. (ii) Sketch the small-signal equivalent circuit of the regulator and simplify your diagram as much as possible. (iii) The unregulated voltage source VIN is now replaced with a constant voltage VIN = 9V. If the operating point of the Zener diode is (Iz, Vz) = (5 mA, 6.7V), and the transistor has VBE = 0.7V, calculate the efficiency of the regulator.
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