Briefly explain what is “signaling” (from an economist’s view) and how it may reduce adverse selection.

Government officials must decide how to reduce the amount of Magentum being adulterated in the future. According to Becker, which of the following are options that could get the same expected cost of crime commission? 1 - Increase the probability of detection and conviction and combine that with a low sanction. 2 - Change the opportunity cost of the crime. 3 - Keep a low risk of probability of detection and conviction but impose a very high sanction.       1 and 3     1, 2, 3     1 and 2     2 and 3

define and explain the importance of adverse selection

Federal law allows workers who leave a job to continue to participate in the health insurance they were receiving through their previous employer. However, they have to pay the full monthly premium (including both the employee and employer portions), as well as a 2 percent administrative fee. This high price has led many people, especially the healthier ones, to drop coverage. Insurance companies report that these plans lose them money.  This phenomenon is an example of: a. Adverse Selection b. Moral Hazard c. Tragedy of the Commons d. Commodity Egalitarianism

One method of solving this problem is through signaling. Signaling is a strategy one uses when they have information. The goal is to use a signal to convince the buyer that the good or service that is being sold is quality and will meet the buyer's wants.  Offer an example of a company that uses a signal to help sell its product. What is the signal? What information is the signal trying to convey? Do you think the signal is effective? Why or why not? Does this signal improve market efficiency? Why or why not?

Exercise 1.12. Consider the following game. There is a club with three members: Ann, Bob and Carla. They have to choose which of the three is going to be president next year. Currently Ann is the president. Each member is both a candidate and a voter. Voting is as follows: each member votes for one candidate (voting for oneself is allowed); if two or more people vote for the same candidate then that person is chosen as the next president; if there is complete disagreement, in the sense that there is exactly one vote for each candidate, then the person from whom Ann voted is selected as the next president. (a) Represent this voting procedure as a game frame, indicating inside each cell of each table which candidate is elected. (b) Assume that the players' preferences are as follows: AnnAm Carla Ann Bob, Carla Bob Ann, Bob Carla Ann Caria Carla. Using utility values 0, 1 and 2, convert the game frame into a game. (c) Apply the IDWDS to the game of part (b). Is there a weak iterated…

It was taught that liability insurance would undermine the tort system, which has as its central theorem the concept that the individual responsible for injuring another should be made to pay for that injury. Do you think the existence of liability insurance causes one to be less careful than he or she might otherwise be?

Give an example, real or imaginary, of a moral hazard problem. Again, your example must clearly point out: what information is private/asymmetric (is it an attribute or an action?) which party has the private information when does the information asymmetry arise (before or after the contract/transaction?) what is the likely outcome and in which way it can be inefficient

What are the key assumptions and implications of the 'Lemon Model' in the context of adverse selection and its impact on markets?

What is the significance when it comes to moral hazard to show it's efficient function of a medical market?