Briefly describe the role of aldosterone in the regulation of potassium ions.

Inappropriate maintenance of K+ levels in the ECF can lead to serious outcomes for human homeostasis. Explain why.

Theoretically, which one of the following hormones could be administered to decrease blood volume: antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, or atrial natriuretic peptide? Explain.

Some tumors of the adrenal cortex secrete excess aldosterone and may cause paralysis. Explain this effect andidentify the electrolyte and fluid imbalances you wouldexpect to observe in such a case

Why does inhibition of ADH result in increased serum osmolarity?

Compare and contrast the effects of aldosterone and ADH on water and ion balance in the bloodstream.

Explain the mechanism by which allopurinol can prevent excess uric acid formation.

Explain the mechanism how furosemide affects kidney tubules. How does this affect K+ balance? How different is the mechanism of thiazide affect urine production? Describe the process of acid-base regulation in human body.

Describe the hormonal regulation of fluid balance during exercise.

Renin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?