12) Currently, the only predators of Galápagos marine iguanas are Galápagos hawks. Iguana body size is not correlated with risk of hawk predation, although small iguanas can sprint faster than large iguanas. If predators (e.g., cats) that preferentially catch and eat slower iguanas are introduced to the island, in the absence of other factors; the iguanas would then be under iguana body size is likely to selection. A) increase; directional B) increase; disruptive C) decrease; directional D) decrease; disruptive E) stay the same; stabilizing 13) Large male horned dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus, use their horns as weapons in fights with rival males over ownership of breeding tunnels containing females. Females excavate tunnels beneath fresh dung piles where they mate with the males, and then lay their eggs. The use of the horns by the males in contest for the breeding tunnels is an example of: 1: intersexual selection II: intrasexual selection III: sexual selection A) I and II B) II and III C) I and III D) I, II and III 14) KAUAI 5.1 million years MOLOKAI OAHU 3.7 million LANAI years N 52 1.3 million years MAUI A) a genetic bottleneck B) sexual selection C) habitat differentiation D) founder effects HAWAII 0.4 million years Soon after the island of Hawaii rose above the sea surface (somewhat less than 1 million years ago) and organisms colonized the island, the evolution of life on this new island should have been most strongly influenced by
Gene Flow
Gene flow, also known as gene migration, is the introduction of genetic material from a particular population to another population of the same species through interbreeding. For example, a bee facilitates its reproductive process by carrying pollen from one flower to another. The flow alters the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population. It introduces new alleles within the population and helps increase variability. This exchange of genetic material occurs through reproduction and brings about new combinations of traits into the population. Where human beings are concerned, actual migration of populations, whether voluntary or forced, brings about gene flow.
Population Biology
Population biology is the study of patterns in organism populations, specifically the growth and management of population size, population genetics, the evolution of life history, species interactions, and demography.
Speciation
The process of speciation involves the formation of new species during evolution. The new species evolve in such a way that both new and old species are not able to interbreed. Thus, speciation occurs when few members of one species get separated from the main species due to geographical, mechanical, or reproductive isolation. These separated members develop new traits that make them different from the main species. In other words, speciation could be defined as the absence of gene flow between two populations that become new species.
Allele Fixation
A gene is a unit of heredity and contains both physical and functional information that shapes an individual. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carry genetic information from one generation to another, from one set of parents to their offspring, and so on. Every cell in a human body, or any living organism, has the same DNA, which implies that every cell in an individual’s body has all the information it needs to build and sustain the body!
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