Below are listed molecules with different chemical characteristics. Knowing that all molecules will eventually diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer, select the list that most accurately predicts the relative rates of diffusion of these molecules (fastest to slowest) across a biological membrane. alanine, propanol, sodium, estrogen sodium, propanol, alanine, estrogen estrogen, propanol, sodium, alanine estrogen, propanol, alanine, sodium

Below are listed molecules with different chemical characteristics. Knowing that all molecules will eventually diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer, select the list that most accurately predicts the relative rates of diffusion of these molecules (fastest to slowest) across a biological membrane. alanine, propanol, sodium, estrogen sodium, propanol, alanine, estrogen estrogen, propanol, sodium, alanine estrogen, propanol, alanine, sodium

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5RE: Using the answer code on the right, indicate which membrane component is responsible for the...

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A transmembrane protein has the following properties: it has two binding sites, one for solute A and one for solute b. The protein can undergo a conformational change to switch between two states: either both binding sites are exposed exclusively on one side of the membrane or both binding sites are exposed exclusively on the other side of the membrane. The protein can switch between the two conformational states only if both binding sites are occupied or if both binding sites are empty, but cannot switch if only one binding site is occupied. What kind of protein do these properties define?
List three molecules or types of molecules that can cross a lipid bilayer through simple diffusion. List three molecules or types of molecules that cannot easily diffuse across a lipid bilayer.
A transmembrane protein has the following properties: it has two binding sites, one for solute A and one for solute b. The protein can undergo a conformational change to switch between two states: either both binding sites are exposed exclusively on one side of the membrane or both binding sites are exposed exclusively on the other side of the membrane. The protein can switch between the two conformational states only if both binding sites are occupied or if both binding sites are empty, but cannot switch if only one binding site is occupied. Do you need to specify any additional properties to turn this protein into a symport that couples the movement of solute A up its concentration gradient to the movement of solute b down its electrochemical gradient?
From the following list, choose TWO molecules capable of freely diffusing across the plasma membrane (i.e. no transport protein needed). nucleic acid V small charged electrolyte carbohydrate V nonpolar lipid hydrophilic protein hydrophobic molecule
Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base that under acidic conditions becomes protonated to the ammonium ion in the following reaction: NH3 + H+ → NH+4 NH3 freely permeates biological membranes, including those of lysosomes. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle with a pH of about 4.5–5.0; the pH of cytoplasm is about 7.0. What is the effect on the pH of the fluid content of lyso- somes when cells are exposed to ammonia? Note: Ammo- nium (NH4+) does not diffuse freely across membranes.
Which of the following lipid components of the eukaryotic plasma membrane would be associated with the highest membrane fluidity? a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids a monoglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acids a monoglyceride with branched, unsaturated, short-chain fatty acids a diglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acids
List the following compounds in order of increasing lipid bilayer permeability: RNA, Ca2+, glucose, ethanol, n2, water.
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
Ms. Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set-up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions: a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell. b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell. c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net movement. d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell. Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag.
Two theories of membrane structure are discussed below. Unit Membrane Model Phospholipid molecules are the most abundant type of lipids in cell membranes. Each consists of a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail, and a polar, hydrophilic head. The phospholipid chains orient themselves to form a bilayer with the tails pointed inward and the hydrophilic heads lined up on both sides of the bilayer. An extended monomolecular layer of protein coats both the outside of the membrane and the inside of the bilayer, but the protein does not penetrate the bilayer. When thin slices of membranes were examined with an electron microscope, three layers were seen: two electron-dense layers, with one wider layer between them. It was believed that the electron-dense layers represented proteins, and the lighter area represented lipids. Fluid Mosaic Model The structure of the fluid mosaic membrane is a bilayer of phospholipid molecules with proteins inserted into the bilayer. Hydrophilic regions of both the lipids…
Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
Some antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the membrane, and release the ion on the other side. The graph shows the conductance of a lipid-bilayer membrane with a carrier antibiotic as a function of temperature. Conductance 40 39 38 Temperature (°C) 37 36 What can you conclude about the effect of a carrier antibiotic on the conductance of the lipid-bilayer membrane? A carrier antibiotic decreases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is quite rigid. A carrier antibiotic increases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. O A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is highly fluid.