Based on the list of intra- and extracellular concentrations shown below, ( ) is probably used as a source of energy for the externalization (movement to the outside) of some molecules, while () is more likely to serve as a signaling molecule. Table 11-1 A Comparison of lon Concentrations Inside and Outside a Typical Mammalian Cell COMPONENT Cations Na K+ Mg2+ Ca²+ H+ A. K+, Ca2+ B. Na+, K+ C. Mg2+, Ca2+ D. Ca+,H+ E. K+, Na+ INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION (mm) 5-15 140 0.5 104 7 x 10-5 (10-7-2M or pH 7.2) EXTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION (mm) 145 5 1-2 1-2 4x 10-5 (10-74 M or pH 7.4)

The following table shows experimental results of the glucose transport rate, mM/sec, following facilitated diffusion by glucose carrier proteins. (Recall: the starting conc. L represents glucose added to one side of the membrane; distilled water, omM of glucose was added to the other side of the membrane). The rate of glucose transport was 0.0031 mm/sec with 8mM of glucose (run number 4, highlighted); the rate decreased to 0.0017 mM/sec with 10mM of glucose (run 5, highlighted). Why was the rate of glucose transport slower when the concentration gradient was increased? Experiment Results Run Number Solute 1 1 2 2 3 33 4 4 5 6 6 Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Cl Glucose Start Conc. L Start Conc. R (MM) (mM) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 Carriers 500 500 500 500 700 700 700 700 100 100 700 700 Rate (mm/sec) 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0010…

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Match each SERCA domain to its role in Ca2+ transport: Drag and drop options on the right-hand side and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ✓ N Domain P Domain A Domain ||| = = contains the Asp reside that can be phosphorylated Phosphatase activity Kinase Activity X X X