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- The bathtub model of unemployment revisited - Lt is the labor force, Ut is the number of unemployed workers and Et the number of employed workers in period t. The separation rate and the job finding rate in period t are correspondingly st and ft. Assume that Lt+1 = (1 + n) Lt and a share dt of the new workers, Lt+1 Lt, are employed immediately as they enter the labor force. Write and explain the equation describing the level of unemployment in period t + 1, Ut+1; as a function of current unemployment, Ut, current employment, Et, and increase in the labor force, Lt+1 LQ. 12-15. Consider the standard job search model as described in the text. (a) Why are the asking wage and expected unemployment duration positively related? (b) Can the standard job search model explain why unemployment duration is longer, on average, for secondary workers when compared to primary workers? Discuss. (c) In the context of the standard search model, explain how the economy-wide average asking wage and unemployment duration are affected by an expanded underground (cash) economy. What is the effect on the equilibrium unemployment rate? BOOK: Labor Economics, 8th Edition, by George Borjas, published by McGraw-Hill. Chapter 12Part B Consider an economy that experiences an outflow of working age people and a decline in aggregatelabour supply as a result. Suppose the aggregate labour demand curve is not affected by this change.(a) Explain, with the aid of the labour-market-equilibrium diagram, how this will affect the equilibriumreal wage and the full-employment level of employment. (b) Explain, with the aid of three separate IS-LM-FE diagrams, how this will affect real output, realinterest rate and the general price level in three steps:(i) before the general price level adjusts;(ii) when the general price level is adjusting;(iii) after the price adjustment process is completed.Is the general price level increasing or decreasing during the price adjustment process? Explain theintuition of your answer with reference to the AD-AS framework.
- Consider a hypothetical economy in which the labor force consists of 300 people. Of those, 270 people are employed full-time and 30 people are unemployed. The economy follows the same conventions as the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in computing its employment figures. Therefore, Initially the unemployment rate is calculated as follows: Unemployment Rate = Manber of played ople Number of Popie Labor Fore 30 x 100 300 <= 10% W x 100 Suppose a reduction in foreign demand for this economy's products causes an economic recession following table offers two possible scenarios resulting from the recession. Calculate the unemployment rate associated with each scenario in the following table. Assume that each scenario describes the only labor market changes in this economy. Scenario A: Firms reduce work hours by 10%. The number of involuntary part-time workers rises as firms respond to the reduction in the demand for their products by reducing the hours of each employed person from 40…Explain ONE type of unemployment. e. Explain three (3) costs of unemployment to societyI. Suppose that the markup of goods prices over marginal cost is 3% and that the wage-setting (WS) equation is W = P(1 – u), where u is the unemployment rate. a. What is the real wage, as determined by the price-setting (PS) equation? b. What is the natural rate of unemployment? c. Suppose that the markup of prices over costs increases to 6%. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment? Explain the logic behind your answer.
- 3. a. Provide a definition for the natural rate of unemployment. How is your definition related to the potential output? b. What are different unemployment categories that are included in the natural level of unemployment? Provide at least one example for each categoryNo Plagirism Please! 15. Formulate reasons as to why a recession might occur. Then, hypothesize how total economic output and prices will behave in the years following the recession. 16. Explain the three main types of unemployment experienced within an economy. Provide at least one example demonstrating each type of unemploymentSuppose that the markup of goods prices over marginal cost is 6%, and that the wage-setting equation is W=P(1-u) where u is the unemployment rate. a. What is the real wage, as determined by the price-setting equation? b. What is the natural rate of unemployment? c. Suppose that the markup of prices over costs increases to 11%. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment?
- The following table provides the nominal exchange rates for the USD. Foreign currency per USD USD per foreign currency Swiss Franc 1.730 1.821 0.578 Brazilian Real 0.549 Based on the table, the nominal exchange rate equals per Swiss Franc. Swiss Francs per Real or equivalently Reals Select one alternative: O 0.30; 3.33 1.053; 0.950 0.950; 1.053 6.490; 0.154 3.33: 0.30Consider an economy that experiences an outflow of working age people and a decline in aggregatelabour supply as a result. Suppose the aggregate labour demand curve is not affected by this change.(a) Explain, with the aid of the labour-market-equilibrium diagram, how this will affect the equilibriumreal wage and the full-employment level of employment. (b) Explain, with the aid of three separate IS-LM-FE diagrams, how this will affect real output, realinterest rate and the general price level in three steps:(i) before the general price level adjusts;(ii) when the general price level is adjusting;(iii) after the price adjustment process is completed.Is the general price level increasing or decreasing during the price adjustment process? Explain theintuition of your answer with reference to the AD-AS framework.Explain whether each of the following changes in the composition of the labor force is likely toaffect frictional or structural unemployment and increase or decrease the measured natural rate ofunemployment.(a) A “baby boom” causes an increase in the share of young workers (age 16–24) as a percentageof the labor force. (b) A loosening of federal restrictions on eligibility for disability benefits leads to an increase inthe number of people receiving disability payments