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Biochemistry
150 100 xyl+ mtl+ 50 met+ 20 40 60 80 100

150 100 xyl+ mtl+ 50 met+ 20 40 60 80 100

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several 200 mal+ genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. 150 In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl* mtl* mal* met* and sensitive to phage T6, with F strain AB-531, which was xyl mtl mal met and resistant to phage T6. The 100 mt/+ cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and 50 met+ interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of 0. 20 40 60 80 100 genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. Time of sampling (minutes) On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not to scale. The circle represents the bacterial chromosome and the lines through the circle are gene locations. Number of recombinants per milliliter (X104)
Transcribed Image Text:Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several 200 mal+ genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. 150 In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl* mtl* mal* met* and sensitive to phage T6, with F strain AB-531, which was xyl mtl mal met and resistant to phage T6. The 100 mt/+ cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and 50 met+ interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of 0. 20 40 60 80 100 genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. Time of sampling (minutes) On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not to scale. The circle represents the bacterial chromosome and the lines through the circle are gene locations. Number of recombinants per milliliter (X104)
Answer Bank mal met 18 min 9 min 1 min mtl 23 min 7 min xyl 41 min
Transcribed Image Text:Answer Bank mal met 18 min 9 min 1 min mtl 23 min 7 min xyl 41 min
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### Mapping Bacterial Genes Using Interrupted Conjugation Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated new strains of Hfr (High frequency recombination) cells to map several genes in *Escherichia coli* by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were \( \text{xyl}^+ \text{mtl}^+ \text{mal}^+ \text{met}^+ \) and sensitive to phage T6, with \( F^- \) strain AB-531, which was \( \text{xyl}^- \text{mtl}^- \text{mal}^- \text{met}^- \) and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The \( F^- \) cells, which were resistant to phage T6, were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. ### Experiment Results Graph The graph plots the "Number of recombinants per milliliter (\( \times 10^4 \))" against "Time of sampling (minutes)”. The four genes’ appearance on the graph is tracked as follows: - \( \text{mal}^+ \) starts appearing at around 20 minutes, increasing steadily over time. - \( \text{xyl}^+ \) begins to show at around 40 minutes. - \( \text{mtl}^+ \) appears at around 60 minutes. - \( \text{met}^+ \) is the last to show up, starting around 80 minutes. ### Gene Order and Distances Based on these data, the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes are derived. The origin of transfer is marked by a red triangle. The circle represents the bacterial chromosome, and the lines through the circle indicate gene locations. The expected order of genes and their respective distances are: - \( \text{mal} \) at 1 minute - \( \text{m} (position to be specified using the given bank) - \( \text{xyl} \) - \( \text{mtl} \) - \( \text{met
Transcribed Image Text:### Mapping Bacterial Genes Using Interrupted Conjugation Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated new strains of Hfr (High frequency recombination) cells to map several genes in *Escherichia coli* by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were \( \text{xyl}^+ \text{mtl}^+ \text{mal}^+ \text{met}^+ \) and sensitive to phage T6, with \( F^- \) strain AB-531, which was \( \text{xyl}^- \text{mtl}^- \text{mal}^- \text{met}^- \) and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The \( F^- \) cells, which were resistant to phage T6, were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. ### Experiment Results Graph The graph plots the "Number of recombinants per milliliter (\( \times 10^4 \))" against "Time of sampling (minutes)”. The four genes’ appearance on the graph is tracked as follows: - \( \text{mal}^+ \) starts appearing at around 20 minutes, increasing steadily over time. - \( \text{xyl}^+ \) begins to show at around 40 minutes. - \( \text{mtl}^+ \) appears at around 60 minutes. - \( \text{met}^+ \) is the last to show up, starting around 80 minutes. ### Gene Order and Distances Based on these data, the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes are derived. The origin of transfer is marked by a red triangle. The circle represents the bacterial chromosome, and the lines through the circle indicate gene locations. The expected order of genes and their respective distances are: - \( \text{mal} \) at 1 minute - \( \text{m} (position to be specified using the given bank) - \( \text{xyl} \) - \( \text{mtl} \) - \( \text{met
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