At what stage of the drug development pathways can molecular conjugation and bioconjugation based drug optimisations take place?

1. a)how is it possible for such drugs to selectively kill bacterial cells and not our own cells? b)Provide an example of post-translational regulation of protein activity and explain the advantage of regulating each protein/process at the post-translational level instead of the transcriptional level.

Drug resistance in a population of bacteria is inevitable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT.. O Bacteria share genetic material through gene transfer mechanisms of conjugation, transformation and transduction. OBacteria quorum sensing leads to the activation of drug resistant genes. O Bacterial drug resistance genes generally have inducible promoters that are activated when the drug is present. Bacteria mutate rapidly because of radiation and chemical mutagens.

What are the three main targets of drug design and development?

(c)  Molnupiravir has not been approved but has been authorized for emergency use by the FDA under an EUA to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Briefly explain this decision made by FDA based on the knowledge of clinical trials.  (d)  Both drugs are not allowed to be prescribed to person under 18 years old due to insufficient clinical data. Why is it necessary to separately conduct clinical trials for a younger age group?

Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?

Polymer nanoparticles, Microparticles and hydrogels have been developed for slow and sustained drug release for slow and sustained drug release application; mark all that apply below:   1)Drug release from hydrogels can be via (a) drug diffusion, (b) degradation of the polymeric matrix and (c) swelling 2) PLGA degrades to lactic acid and glycolic acid, which are not biocompatible 3) Drug release can be triggered through internal and external stimuli - I.e. by use of pH labile chemistries or external triggers 4) Burst release describes the initial faster release rates often observed in drug delivery system, which is then followed by sustained release 5) while burst release is observed with polymer nanoparticles, it is not observed from hydrogels

Why are the risks associated with antibiotics hard to understand?  Please describe in detail with reasoning in a supporting paragraph.

What is a relevant biological process that can be used to illustrate the answer to the question: What are the risks associated with antibiotics? i.e. What is the underlying biology that addresses 'What are the risks associated with antibiotics?'

there are multiple answer to the q i need to find the right ones please