Assume that health insurance is private in a country, and the market for insurance is competitive. The figure below shows the marginal benefit and willingness and ability to pay curve. Premium (thousands of dollars per year) 30 million. 40 million. 10 million. 20 million. O co 6 4 2 10 D = MB 20 30 40 50 Quantity (millions of families insured) Suppose that the marginal social benefit of insurance exceeds the willingness and ability to pay by a constant $2,000 per family per year. Suppose the marginal cost of health insurance is a constant $8,000 a year. What is the efficient quantity of health insurance policies?

7) The graph below depicts the social loss from the existence of health insurance in the presence of moral hazard. Price Demand curve with partial coinsurance Quantity a. What is the cause of the social loss? Briefly explain. b. Why do we have health insurance if social loss is created as a result of health insurance? ( Social loss

Adverse selection arises in the market for health insurance because Moral hazard arises in the market for health insurance because OA. for many people, the price of health insurance is beyond their ability to pay for it; the marginal social benefit of healthcare exceeds the marginal benefit perceived by its consumers OB. people optimistically underestimate the health risks that they face; people take too short a view of the benefits of healthcare OC. O D. some of the healthiest people choose to not buy insurance; once insured, a person has less incentive to adopt a healthy lifestyle once insured, a person has less incentive to adopt a healthy lifestyle; some of the healthiest people choose to not buy insurance;

12 Demand elasticity and social loss. Consider two vaccines for difffferent viruses χ and Ω Assume that the marginal cost of producing both drugs is constant and that the fixed cost is small. In other words, assume that the supply curve for both drugs is flat.  a Suppose that demand for vaccine χ is price elastic, whereas demand for vaccine Ω is relatively inelastic. Plot the private demand curve for both drugs on separate axes. b For the sake of example, assume that both viruses have the same externality. Plot the social demand curve for both drugs and label the social loss in each case. c Explain intuitively why, all else equal, social loss is greater in the case of elastic demand than it is in the case of inelastic demand.