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- If the number of bacteria were to grow exponentially with a daily rate of r = 0.2612, how long would it take for the number of cases to double? Explain.A batch of turkey rolls (10 lb—approximately 4.5 Kg—each) were cooked to 165°F internal temperature in bags, opened, sliced, vacuum-packaged, and stored at 40°F. The product was expected to have a refrigerated shelf life of 50 days. However, after 40 days, the packages contained gas and approximately 107 bacterial cells/g of meat. The bacterial species involved in the spoilage was found to be Leuconostoc carnosum, which is killed at 165°F. What could be the sources of the bacterial species in this cooked product?Each Escherichia coli cell weighs 5ng. How many cells are present in a colony that weighs 1mg?
- Every organism has to keep taking in and breaking down __________ to keep resupplying itself with the raw materials it needs to survive.If the generation time of Escherichia coli is 30 minutes, starting with 4 E. coli cells, how many cells can you obtain after 2 hours of growth? A: cellsIn a laboratory setting, E. coli has a doubling time of 20 minutes.a) What is its growth rate, r?b) Assuming you start with only 2 cells, what will be the bacterial population after 24hourshave passed?
- If a single 1.7 × 10−10 m3 bacterium could reproduce through cell division at a rate of 3(t − 0.5t), where t is measured in minutes, how much volume (in m3) will the resulting bacteria colony occupy after 1 hour? bacteria colony volume = _____ × 104 m3Researchers discover a new strain of a previously known bacterial organism and need help understanding properties related to it's bacterial growth patterns. The new strain is lethal to humans and is found to be increasingly deadly in arctic climates. Researchers have also provided the following chart of plate counts: Colony |(minutes) Forming Units by ml (CFU/ml) Time 20 15 20 30 340 45 50,009 60 175,168,185 90 175,168,189 120 175,168,002 150 423,237 210 505 | 270 5 a) Create a bacterial growth curve with log values of CFU/ml on the Y-axis andthe time on the x axis. b) Indicate the different phases of the growth curve on your plot. c) Determine the growth constant value (k) and the Generation Time value (G). show calculations 8 832. Paracoccus denitrificans is a Gram-negative denitrifying bacterium capable of aerobic and anaerobic processes. When oxygen is depleted, nitrate is reduced into nitrous oxide (N2O) and eventually to divalent nitrogen (gas). Which of the following statements is TRUE given the figure below? NO₂+2H NO+H₂O NO+2H N+H₂O NO₂ N₂O Periplasm RED RED 4H 2H"2H" 2NO+2H NO+H₂O Cyt DH NOR bc₁ NAD NO; +H₂O Cytoplasm Figure 1. Respiratory elements of P. denitrificans The figure is redrawn from similar schemes by Ferguson and Zumft. Abbreviations: AP, antiporter; NAR, nitrate reductase b; UQ, ubiquinone; DH, NADH dehydrogenase; Cyt bcl, cytochrome bcl complex; NOR, NO reductase; NO2- RED, nitrite reductase; N2O RED, N2O reductase; Cyt c550, cytochrome c550. Ⓒ Strohm et al., 2007 a. Oxidation of nitrate subsequently reduces water. O b. Nitrite (NO-2) is further reduced to N2 in the cytoplasm. O c. The electron transport chain in the figure is found in the mitochondrial matrix. O d. The electron…
- 48)Researchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? Day Number of Resistant Bacteria in the Culture 1 5 59 3 677 4 32,456 The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered their DNA. A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.Population calculation A culture of bacteria is started with an initial input of 250 cells. After 20 generations, how many bacteria would be present in the culture?Number of Bacteria X Temperature (°C) At the After 1 After 2 After 3 beginning day days days 6. 8. 12 15 48 187 15 27 126 678 (a) What is the relationship between the temperature and the rate at which the Bacteria X reproduces? (b) When the number of Bacteria X increases, it causes food to turn bad and cannot be eaten. Based on the results above, what can Rose do to preserve food for a longer period of time? Explain your answer.