Antibody diversity is generated by multiple mechanisms, each of which contributes to the generation of antibodies with up to 1011 different amino acid sequences in their antigen-binding sites. Several of these mechanisms involve changes in the DNA sequences encoding the antibody heavy and light chain proteins. One mechanism that does not rely on changes to the DNA within the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene loci is, instead, dependent on:The contributions of amino acids from both the heavy chain and the light chain to form the antigen-binding siteThe random usage of V, D, and J gene segments to form the heavy chain V region sequenceThe random usage of k light chains versus l light chains to pair with the heavy chainThe activity of TdT to add random nucleotides at the junctions between the V, J, and D region sequencesThe fact that heavy chain V regions contain an extra gene segment encoded by the D region compared to light chain V regions

Antigens are substances that activate the immune system of the body. Antibodies are antigen-binding…

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Antibody diversity is generated by multiple mechanisms, each of which contributes to the generation of antibodies with up to 10¹¹ different amino acid sequences in their antigen-binding sites. Several of these mechanisms involve changes in the DNA sequences encoding the antibody heavy and light chain proteins. One mechanism that does not rely on changes to the DNA within the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene loci is, instead, dependent on:

The contributions of amino acids from both the heavy chain and the light chain to form the antigen-binding site
The random usage of V, D, and J gene segments to form the heavy chain V region sequence
The random usage of k light chains versus l light chains to pair with the heavy chain
The activity of TdT to add random nucleotides at the junctions between the V, J, and D region sequences
The fact that heavy chain V regions contain an extra gene segment encoded by the D region compared to light chain V regions

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