Antibiotic resistance. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Antibiotic resistance occurs when disease-causing microbes no longer respond to antibiotic drug therapy. Because such resistance is typically genetic and transferred to the next generations of microbes, it is a very serious public health problem. Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported notifiable disease in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 27% of gonorrhea cases tested in 2010 were resistant to at least one of the three major antibiotics commonly used to treat this sexually transmitted disease.3 A physician treated 10 cases of gonorrhea at some point in 2010. What is the distribution of cases resistant to at least one of the three major antibiotics? What is the probability that exactly 1 out of the 10 cases was resistant to at least one of the three major antibiotics? What is the probability that exactly 2 out of 10 cases were resistant? Find the probability that 1 or more out of the 10 cases were resistant to at least one of the three major antibiotics. (Hint: It is easier to first find the probability that exactly 0 of the 10 cases were resistant.)

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.