Answer the following questions for the given example: Using water pumps in homes (a) Does an externality exist? If so, is it positive/negative (or both) (b) Use Coase’s framework to identify the cause of the externality (c) If an externality exists, determine whether the Coase theorem applies (i.e. is it possible/feasible to assign property rights and solve the problem?). Provide reasoning.  (d) If an externality exists and the Coase theorem does not apply, discuss a government/institutional solution that can mitigate the problem of externality. Provide reasoning.

Note:-  Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism.Answer completely.You will get up vote for sure.

The climate policy toolkit has, to-date, mostly focused on demand side policies (i.e. policies that affect the pollution demand curve), some of which are ‘command-andcontrol’ and others are market based (e.g. cap-and-trade schemes, carbon taxes). (a) Explain what is meant by command-and-control in terms of a demand side climate change policy. What are the pros and cons of this as a policy option? (b) Using a diagram, explain how a carbon tax could help reduce pollution.

Vork (Ch 10) 2. Efficiency in the presence of externalities Cars impose 'many external costs on society: exhaust emissions that contribute to air pollution, congestion on roadways, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of cars is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for cars (their private value), the supply of cars (the private cost of producing them), and the social cost of cars, including both the private cost and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity. Social Cost Market Equilibrium Supply (Private Cost) Socially Optimal Level Demand (Private Value) QUANTITY OF CARS PRICE OF CARS