Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Consider the reaction between acetone and hydrogen cyanide to produce acetone cyanohydrin:
(c) If 2.5 g of acetone and 1.0 g of hydrogen cyanide react, how many moles of acetone
cyanohydrin (ACH) should form?
(e) Imagine that the reaction in part (c) produced 3.0 g of ACH, all of which was used in another
reaction to produce 6.0 g of C4H9NO5S. These 6.0 g of C4H9NO5S react with excess CH3OH to
form methyl methacrylate (C5,H8O2) according to the chemical equation below. What is the
theoretical yield of methyl methacrylate (in grams)?
C4 H9 NO5 S + CH3 OH → C5 H8 O2 + NH+4 + HSO-4
(f) If 3.1 g of methyl methacrylate are collected, what is the percent yield for the reaction in
part (e)?
Thank you!!
Transcribed Image Text:**Formation of Cyanohydrins**
In the image provided, a chemical reaction depicting the formation of cyanohydrins from an aldehyde and hydrogen cyanide is shown. Here is a detailed breakdown of the reaction:
### Reactants:
1. **Acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO)**
- Structural Formula:
```
H H H
| | |
H-C-C-C-H
| || |
H O H
```
2. **Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)**
- Structural Formula:
```
H-C≡N
```
### Reaction Process:
- Acetaldehyde reacts with hydrogen cyanide to yield a cyanohydrin.
### Product:
- **Cyanohydrin**
- Structural Formula:
```
H H H
| | |
H-C-C-C-C-H
| | |
H O H
|
C≡N
```
### Reaction Mechanism:
1. **Initial Molecule:** Acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) possesses a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to two hydrogen atoms and one methyl group.
2. **Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN):** The cyanide group (CN⁻) from HCN adds to the carbonyl carbon of acetaldehyde, converting the double-bonded oxygen (C=O) into a hydroxyl group (OH).
3. **Formation of Cyanohydrin:** The resulting molecule has an OH group and a CN group attached to the same carbon atom, forming cyanohydrin.
### Detailed Diagram Explanation:
- The diagram illustrates a chemical reaction taking place where each reactant and product is structurally depicted with all bonds and atoms clearly shown.
- The arrow indicates the direction of the chemical reaction, moving from left (reactants) to right (product).
This reaction is significant in organic chemistry as cyanohydrins are versatile intermediates in the synthesis of various important compounds.
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