Anammox bacteria are known to obtain energy from the anaerobic autotrophic oxidation of one mole of NH4+ with N02- to form one mole of N2. (1) Develop an electron equivalent energy reaction for the anammox organisms. (2) Calculate ΔGr (kJ/1nol) for this reaction. (3) Calculate fs° for the anammox autotrophic reaction, assuming ε =0.4, N02- is the N source, inorganic carbon is the carbon source and Y is in g VSS/g N.
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- O Ara (Alt+ Ğ) Yeni. - Gözden Geçir Görünüm Yardım Başvurular Posta Gönderileri 1) Discuss this graph in the meaning of substrate depletion. 100 80 [S] [P] 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100 Time (s.) ere goz atın 7SUS 17 19 5 8. 9. Relative ConcentrationAerobic degradation of an organic compound by mixed cultureof organism in wastewater can be represented by following reaction. C3H6O3 + a O2 + b NH3 → c C5H7NO2 + d H2o + e CO2 A. Determine a, b, c, d and e, if YX/S = 0.4 d X/g S. B. Determine the yield coefficients YX/O2 and YX/NH3. C. Determine the degree of reductions for the substrate, bacteria and RQ for the organismsi) Re-arrange the Michaelis Menten equation so it involves the ratio [S]. Show all steps beginning Km noting any assumptions or required conditions. Km ii) Calculate the ratio [lo for the case when the rate of product formation is 68% of Vmax and the substrate is in great excess. d[P] dt : k₂ with = [E],[S] Km+[S]' [S]o Km iii) Explain, in a few sentences, why the ratio determines the ratio V Vmax V Vmax Begin by explaining the meaning of stating simply "it's the ratio...." is not sufficient. Include in your explanation the factors that effect v and Vmax. Consider what factors make v different from or equal to Vmax. Consider what Km represents concerning processes involving ES. " iv) Calculate KM at 310K at given the following rate constant information: k₁ = 17 s-¹M-1 at 300K with A = 7300 s-¹M-1 K-1₁ 6 s¹ at 300K with A = 14500 s -1 k₂ = 31 s¹ at 300K with A = 600 s-¹
- Trace the fate of the N atom during dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrification, denitrification, and the anammox reaction, and indicate whether each must occur in an oxic or anoxic environment7. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction shown below. Kinetic data for the enzyme isolated from the thermophilic bacterium T. maritima are presented in the following table. CH₂OPO H но CH₂OPO OH H H OH Н OH Glucose-6-phosphate Substrate NADP+ NAD+ NADP+ Glucose-6-phosphate NADPH + H+ glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase H 12.0 НО H OH H Η OH 6-Phosphoglucono-8-lactone KM (mM) Vmax (Umg-¹) 0.15 20 0.03 20 6 a. NADPH inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. What kind of inhibitor is NADPH? b. How are the values of KM and Vmax likely to differ from those listed in the table if NADPH is present? c. Does glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase prefer NAD+ or NADP+ as a cofactor?A microorganism is grown in a fermenter under steady-state conditions. The microorganism growth follows Monod kinetics and the following stoichiometric equation: C3H6O3 +a O2 +b NH3 → c biomass + d CO2 + e H₂O Given that the biomass yield is 0.415 grams of biomass per gram of substrate, determine the respiratory quotient.
- 2. Order the following TCA cycle metabolites in the order they appear in the cycle. Not all answers will be used. 1. 2. 3. 4. choices: pyruvate, alpha ketogluterate, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, aconitase, isocitrate, oxaloacetate, fumarate.a. From experimental data obtained in Figure 1, construct a plot and equation that determines the rate constant, kM, of the MOX activity in conditions A and B of growth culture of H. polymorpha on methanol. Justify the selection of plot and findings. b. From the data behaviour presented in Figure 1, describe the enzymatic activity of MOX. What factors may influence the enzymatic activity of MOX at different condition batch cultures of H. polymorpha.1which test is used to differentiate between fermentative and oxidative metabolism?describe the different result that may be observed with this test. 2.Which of the five hydrolysis tests (starch, casein, triglycerides, tryptophan, and urea) would a positive test result be expected for the etiologic agent of acne, Propionibacterium acnes? Explain
- 1. In a catabolic pathway, metabolite X gets converted into metabolite Y, metabolite X 0 J mol-¹ and AG' is <0 J mol-¹ for this reaction. a) At standard states, is this reaction favorable? b) Is the reaction favorable or unfavorable at cellular condition? c) Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction in the cell? d) Would you describe this as a thermodynamically downhill or uphill reaction in the cell?roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)Under anoxic conditions, biological denitrification of waste water by activated sludge results in the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Sludge is microorganisms, and these microorganisms carry out this reaction, this is a biological reaction. When acetic acid provides the carbon source, the reaction can be represented as follows: 5CH3COOH + 8NO3 → 4N2+ 10CO2 + 6H20 + 8HO Acetic acid Nitrate a) Is the stoichiometric equation balanced? write down the number of atoms of each species on left side and also on the right side of this equation. b) In the absence of side reactions, what is the yield of nitrogen from acetic acid in g g1? c) A certain waste water contains 6.0 mM acetic acid and 7mM NaNO3. If 25% of the acetic acid and 15% of the nitrate (NO3) are consumed in other reactions (e.g, for growth of the microorganisms in the sludge), which is the limiting substrate in the denitrification reaction? d) For the situation described in part c), what mass of gaseous nitrogen (N2) in…