Ammonia is among the top ten synthesized compounds. Its many uses include the manufacture of ammonium nitrate and other fertilizers. Ammonia decomposes at high temperatures. In an experiment to explore this behavior, 2.00 moles of gaseous NH3 are sealed in a rigid 1-liter vessel. The vessel is heated at 800 K and some of the NH3 decomposes in the following reaction:2NH3​(g)<-->N2​(g)+3H2​(g)   The system eventually reaches equilibrium and is found to contain 1.74 mole of NH3. What is the value of KC for the decomposition reaction at 800 K? What is the value of KP for the decomposition reaction at 800 K?

A gaseous material XY(g) dissociates to some extent to produce X(g) and Y(g): XY(g)X(g)+Y(g) A 2.00-g sample of XY (molar mass = 165 g/mol) is placed in a container with a movable piston at 25C. The pressure is held constant at 0.967 atm. As XY begins to dissociate, the piston moves until 35.0 mole percent of the original XY has dissociated and then remains at a constant position. Assuming ideal behavior, calculate the density of the gas in the container after the piston has stopped moving, and determine the value of K for this reaction of 25C.

When a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200. °C in a closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established. Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction. Use bond enthalpies from Table 6.2 ( Sec. 6-6b) to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction. Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium, the entropy effect or the energy effect? In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200. °C? Explain. Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift? Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?

A 4.72-g sample of methanol (CH3OH) was placed in an otherwise empty 1.00-L flask and heated to 250.C to vaporize the methanol. Over time, the methanol vapor decomposed by the following reaction: CH3OH(g)CO(g)+2H2(g) After the system has reached equilibrium, a tiny hole is drilled in the side of the flask allowing gaseous compounds to effuse out of the flask. Measurements of the effusing gas show that it contains 33.0 times as much H2(g) as CH3OH(g). Calculate K for this reaction at 250.C.

Calculate G for the dissolution of both sodium chloride and silver chloride using data from Appendix E. Explain how the values you obtain relate to the solubility rules for these substances.

7-17 If a certain reaction takes 16 h to go to completion at 10°C, what temperature should we run it if we want it to go to completion in 1 h?

What characterizes an electrolytic cell? What is an ampere? When the current applied to an electrolytic cell is multiplied by the time in seconds, what quantity is determined? How is this quantity converted to moles of electrons required? How are moles of electrons required converted to moles of metal plated out? What does plating mean? How do you predict the cathode and the anode half-reactions in an electrolytic cell? Why is the electrolysis of molten salts much easier to predict in terms of what occurs at the anode and cathode than the electrolysis of aqueous dissolved salts? What is overvoltage?

When molecules collide, a certain minimum energy called the _________ is needed for the reaction to occur.

7-22 If you add a piece of marble, CaCO3 to a 6 M HCI solution at room temperature, you will see some bubbles form around the marble as gas slowly rises. If you crush another piece of marble and add it to the same solution at the same temperature, you will see vigorous gas formation, so much so that the solution appears to be boiling. Explain.

According to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), waste material is classified as toxic and must be handled as hazardous if the lead concentration exceeds 5 mg/L. By adding chloride ion, the lead ion will precipitate as PbCl2, which can be separated from the liquid portion. Once the lead has been removed, the rest of the waste can be sent to a conventional waste treatment facility. How many grams of sodium chloride must be added to 500 L of a waste solution to reduce the concentration of the Pb2+ ion from 10 to 5 mg/L?