Amino acids are taken up by animal cells using a symport in the plasma membrane. What is the most likely ion whose electrochemical gradient drives the import? is ATp consumed in the process? if so, how?

Q: H* H* P + ADP ATP What class of membrane pump is shown in the figure below? F-Class ATPase O V-Class…

A: Transportation of molecules occur in different ways. These can be active or passive.  Active…

Q: 1. State the role of F-class pumps in cells. 2. Cells have a class transport proteins known ABC…

A:

Q: Question 3 A [ Select ] is considered to be always open, and a solute can travel through it in…

A: The extracellular fluid is divided into- interstitial fluid, the circulating blood plasma, and the…

Q: The average human generates approximately their own weight in ATP every day. A resting person uses…

A: Sodium-Potassium pump is a P class pump, where, P stands for phosphorylation. Pumps are…

Q: The diagram below depicts an intestinal epithelial cell, as well as the relative concentrations of a…

A: Detailed explanation: Active transport requires energy (usually in the form of ATP) to move…

Q: Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the…

A: Given: Cell potential (Eocell) = -52 mV Concentration of Na+ ion outside the cell = 155.0 mM…

Q: Regarding the sodium potassium pump, I am confused which enzymes are involved in the addition of the…

A:

Q: Influenza viruses are surrounded by a membrane that contains a fusion protein, which is activated by…

A: HIV, influenza all have a different mechanism to enter a cell.

Q: Cells maintain different steady state ratios of NAD+/NADH (1000) and NADP+/NADPH (0.01). (a) How do…

A: NAD+ is the oxidized version. NAD+ accepts two electrons and a proton to get reduced to NADH.NAD+ +…

Q: Do Km and Vmax get affected by available enzyme concentration? Explain.

A: Enzymes are proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. Michaelis Menten postulated that free…

Q: ​​You are a liver cell and have just been given 1 million C25:0 fatty acid molecules (Note: These…

A: As a liver cell, you have the ability to generate net production of glucose through a process called…

Q: Suppose that hypothetical enzyme A can bind to molecules X, Y, and Z. Molecule X is the substrate of…

A: Enzymes are protein molecules that increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation…

Q: Give two means of coupling energy to transporters?

A: The plasma membrane is a membrane that offers selective permeability, i.e., it allows some…

Q: A Transporter A Transporter B B Transporter C O Transporter D C D Electrochemical gradient: Which…

A: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters, also known as sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLT),…

Q: The parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness, uses proline as an energy source…

A: A transport mechanism that works to facilitate the movement of substances in and out of the cell…

Q: Sugars are transported in symport with Na+. Na+ upon some time accumulates causing the need to…

A: Sugar transported in symport with Na+ : Glucose

Q: Describe the structure and function of pumps

A: In biology, pumps are defined as the transport membrane proteins or transporters that permits ions…

Q: #4: With regard to the Nat-Glucose Symporter (aka Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter), Which of the two…

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Q: A simple enzyme reaction can be described by the equation e + s ↔ es ↔ e + p, where e is the enzyme,…

A: The Movement of solute mediated by a transporter can be described by a analogous equation :…

Q: Explain two example of feedback inhibition using a flow sheet diagram ?

A: Feedback inhibition is a regulated combination of reactions where the end product of the reaction…

Q: Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With what type of reactions are kinase enzymes usually…

A: the kinase enzyme involved in three steps of glycolysis.

Q: In the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to…

A: Iso-osmotic solutions have the same particle concentration and thus exert equal osmotic pressures.

Q: Briefly explain how Na+/K+ ATPase works?

A: The sodium-potassium pump is found in the plasma membrane of almost every human cell and is common…

Q: Calculate the amount of ATP that be needed to be converted to ASP to pump 1mol of protons across a…

A: Introduction The free energy available from the movement of protons is given by…

Q: In the stomach, parietal cells are responsible for the formation of the gastric juice. During acid…

A: The difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a biological cell is known…

Q: Reaction R: protein-OH + Pi -> phosphorylated protein + H20 Reaction S: protein-OH + ATP ->…

A: Endergonic reaction: It is a reaction that requires "energy" in the form of ATP to be driven. It is…

Q: What is the enzymatic activity of sodium-potassium ATPase (pump)?     binds to and hydrolyzes ATP;…

A: The sodium-potassium pump also known as the NAK pump regulates the concentration of Sodium and…

Q: Glucose transporters are either open to the extracellular side or open to the intracellular side of…

A: Membrane transporters are primarily of 3 types.ChannelsPrimary active transportersSecondary active…

Q: Compare the mechanisms of the P-type ATPase pump and the ABC transporter pump.

A: Active transport is a type of transport system in which the movement of ions occurs against its…

Q: Each of the following is a characteristic of active transport mechanisms except sensitivity to…

A: Active transport in cellular biology refers to the passage of molecules or ions through a cell…

Q: A) For each of the following statements determine if they are true (T) or false (F). • The primary…

A: E.coli cells transport lactose with the help of lactose permease (lac Y) membrane protein. The…

Q: Why would it be advantageous for a cell to use glucose before lactose?

A: Both glucose and lactose are carbohydrates, which are used as energy source. Cells prefer glucose,…

Q: 17- can only transfer the molecules or ions with great It specifically binds to molecule that are…

A: Transportation is the process of movement of molecules across plasma membrane inside or outside the…

Q: Moves high permeability molecules down a gradient without energy Moves low permeability molecules…

A: In biology, a membrane is a thin layer that forms the outer border of a living cell or of the…

Q: How does the rate of achieving steady state and the ultimate steady state intracellular glucose…

A: Glucose is a protein that can be found on the plasma membrane. Transmembrane protein is another name…

Q: The cell membrane is both fluid and asymmetrical. Discuss asymmetry of the plasma membrane, as well…

A: The cell membrane is a thin, flexible, and selectively permeable layer that surrounds the cells of…

Q: Rat heart muscle operating aerobically fills more than 90% of its ATP needs by oxidative…

A: Glucose is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis. PDHC converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA…

Q: Our current experimental procedure works because Con A adheres strongly to the nitrocellulose…

A: The correct option is C A membrane-binding protein.

Q: A chemical called ouabain inhibits the Na/K ATPase (the sodium-potassium pump).  What would happen…

A: Ouabain is a plant-derived chemical found in plants like in the the African arrow poison plant.It is…

Q: V-class proton pumps run backward relative to the F-class ATP synthase. Consider the cartoon, which…

A: There are three classes of ATPases pumps based on the difference in structure and the type of ion…

Q: Which of the following would use secondary active transport? Movement of Na+ from a region of high…

A: First let's define the different modes of transport in cells: Active Transportis when the cell uses…

Q: Phosphotidylcholine is a structural lipid in the liver plasma membrane that is essential for the…

A: Phosphatidylcholine is a major component of cell membranes and pulmonary surfactant, with the most…

Q: K+ Select] A Select] Na* ATP mary active transport is being shown by transporter Select] which uses…

A: Molecules are transported across the membrane in two ways passive or active transport. Passive…

Q: Mammals excrete most nitrogen atoms as urea. The ureacycle itself is costly, requiring considerable…

A: The urea cycle or ornithine cycle is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea from…

Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH that participates in the glycerophosphate…

A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, a by-product of…

Q: Certain proton pump inhibitors that inhibit secretion of stomach acid are among the most widely sold…

A: H2 blockers or histamine H2-receptor antagonists are drugs that minimize the acid production in the…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.