After the global financial crisis, there has been a heated debate about whether the sluggish
recovery in advanced economies reflects the secular stagnation or a slowing trend under
debt overhang. Advocates of secular stagnation argue that tepid investment spending along
with subdued consumption by households would result in persistent output gap and slow
growth for many years to come. Also, the resulting excess of global savings over global
investment in turn would put the real interest rate on a downward path. There are several
explanations for this secular stagnation hypothesis. Which of the following cannot be
viewed as such explanation?
a. Decline in investment rates due to a dearth of profitable investment opportunities
b. Decline in the relative price of investment goods – hence the same investment projects
can be pursued by committing a smaller share of
of investment in total.
c. Decline in population growth rate means capital has less additional labor to work with,
resulting in a lower amount of investment in total.
d. All of the above are potential explanations
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Step by stepSolved in 2 steps
- Whether the following statement is true, false or uncertain? And Why is this so? Use graphs if needed. Assume that workers supply effort based on their expected real consumption wage and consume a basket with a non-negligible component of imported goods and services. The government in an open economy implements a contractionary fiscal policy (from an initial medium-run equilibrium) motivated, for example, by its desire to reduce national debt. This leads to lower real wages and higher unemployment in equilibrium. Hint: you may want to compare this with the case in which the initial two assumptions do not hold.arrow_forwardIf the economy is suffering through a rampant inflationary period, would a Keynesian economist advocate for stabilization policy that involves higher taxes and higher interest rates? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardBased on the Ricardian equivalence, increased government borrowing by $1 will cause: The public to increase savings by $1 The public to decrease savings by $1 Private investment to increase by $1 Public investment to fall by more than $1arrow_forward
- In this question, we assume Canada is a closed economy and is in its long-run equilibrium. TransCanada announced that they will not proceed with the East Energy pipeline in October 2017. According to the long-run classical model, what happens to the equilibrium levels of output, real interest rate, and investment in Canada after TransCanada made this announcement? What happens to the real wage in Canada? Explain your answer with the aid of TWOdiagrams - one for the loanable funds market and one for the labour market.arrow_forwardCrowding out can be observed in the national saving and investment identity formula S+(M-X) = 1 + (G-T) If the national savings (S) and the trade balance (M-X) do not change, then increased budget deficits could have all of the following effects EXCEPT: a. private investment will fall b. investments could be made in public projects which are less productive than private investments C. investments could be reduced or delayed in important physical plant and equipment d. interest rates will fall hurting financial institutions who earn higher profits with higher interest ratesarrow_forwardWhich statement is CORRECT? Question 3 options: By keeping actual output approximately equal to potential output, a nation's macro-policy makers may risk producing inflation problems. By keeping actual output above potential output, a nation's macro-policy makers can achieve the goal of high output. By keeping actual output approximately equal to potential output, a nation's macro-policy makers may risk producing employment problems. By keeping actual growth rate of output at its maximum pace, a nation's macro-policy makers can achieve the goal of high output. By keeping actual output approximately equal to potential output, a nation's macro-policy makers can achieve the goal of high output.arrow_forward
- Assume the economy is starting at point B in the graph below. Interest Rate (percent per year) D 4 a. an interest rate cut? E B F Investment demand Investment demand Rate of Investment (billions of dollars per year) Which point demonstrates the effects on investment of 2 1 From point B to (Click to select) b. an interest rate cut accompanied by decreased sales expectations? From point B to (Click to select)arrow_forwardConsider the following equations that describe an open economy with government, where government transfers equal $0. C = 320 + 0.6YD I = 936 Budget Balance 0.2Y - 534 NX = 712-0.08Y Part a: Determine the equilibrium level of GDP. Part b: Suppose potential GDP is 4,000 (Y*). Determine the value of G2 if the goal is to stabilize the economy by restoring equilibrium GDP to its potential level. Verify that you have the correct value for G2 by solving for the equilibrium GDP. Part c: How has the magnitude of the multiplier and the AE curve changed because of the changes to government spending? Use 2 to 3 sentences to provide an explanation that supports your answer. Part d: Government spending returns to Gị and the government wants to achieve potential GDP by altering the tax rate (t). Determine the value of t2 that will restore Y = Y*. Verify that you have the correct value for t2 by solving for the equilibrium GDP. Part e: How has the magnitude of the multiplier and the AE curve changed…arrow_forwardOne of these four answers increases the demand for financial capital. Which one? Group of answer choices Government reduces borrowing. Consumer confidence in the economy falls. Business confidence in future performance increases. The economy is expected to go into a recession.arrow_forward
- The US economy slowed significantly in early 2008, and policy makers were extremely concerned about growth. To boost the economy, Congress passed several relief packages (the Economics Stimulus Act of 2008 and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) that combined would deliver about $700 billion in government spending. Assume, for the sake of argument, that this spending was in the form of payments made directly to consumers. The objective was to boost the economy by increasing the disposable income of American consumers. a. Calculate the initial change in aggregate consumer spending as a consequence of this policy measure if the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in the US is 0.5. Then calculate the resulting change in real GDP arising from $700 billion in payments. b. Illustrate the effect on real GDP with the use of a graph depicting the income-expenditure equilibrium. Label the vertical axis "Planned Aggregate Spending, AE planned" and the horizontal axis "Real GDP."…arrow_forwardAccording to the basic loanable funds model, all else equal, a rise in government spending will: cause output to rise. cause real interest rates to rise. cause savings to rise. cause investment to rise.arrow_forwardConsider a world with two countries, the US and Japan. Assuming the standard Keynesian assumptions, please answer the following questions: a) Assuming flexible exchange rates, suppose the US experiences a positive shock to their consumption function so that the entire consumption function for the US shifts upward. Give and explain two reasons why the consumption function would react in this way. b) Draw three diagrams (all pertaining to the US): on the top left, draw the Keynesian cross diagram, on the bottom left, draw an IS - LM diagram, and on bottom right, draw the FX market. Locate the initial point as point A and then show how each diagram is affected by the shock and label as point B, again, assuming flexible exchange rates. Now assume that the US and Japan are in a fixed exchange rate regime. Show how things change and label the new equilibrium, assuming fixed exchange rates as point C (Note: use the same diagrams - i.e., each diagram should have points A, B, and C). c) Explain…arrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education