Activated B cells leave lymph nodes and move into bloodstream Activated B and T cells exit the blood stream at the site of infection Activated T cells leave lymph nodes and move into bloodstream Activated Tcytotoxic cells look for and kill infected self cells Antibodies bind directly to non-self microbes Antibodies help improve phagocytosis (‘opsonization’)

Which of the following is true about innate immune system? Check all that apply. Rig-I-like receptors have the advantage of recognizing viruses by interacting with their spike proteins TLR signaling includes NF-kB pathways to induce synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines TLR binds to dsDNA or ssRNA to induce interferon gene expression PRR induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines have local and systemic effects PRR induces innate immunity; phagocytosis, inflammation, type I interferon production, and regulate adaptive immunity; DC maturation, costimulatory molecules, type I interferon

Explain  well with type  the  answer.

A number of pathogens produce superantigens, which induce a massive production of cytokines by CD4 T cells. Superantigens are different than processed and presented peptide antigens because they do not prime antigen-specific responses. 000 0 do not bind TCRs. bind only to nonclassical MHC molecules. induce loss of surface MHCII.

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which events occurs at A, B, and C ?    choose the answers above: - cytokines are released to promote blood flow and cell movemnt  - macrophages and neutrophils respond  - T cell receptors bind to MHC-peptide complexes - secreted antibodies bind to soluble antigens  - pamps bind prrs  -cytotoxic T cells induce apopotosis of infected cells

Some individuals with immunodeficiency have mutations in the digesting enzymes of their macrophages. What impact might this have on their immune systems?   Question 8 options:   The adaptive immune response may no longer be activated.   Macrophage will no longer recognize the PAMPs with their TLRs.   Macrophages will not release cytokines upon tissue damage.   MHC receptors will present antigens on the surface of the macrophages.

All of the following statements concerning regulatory T cells (Treg) are correct, EXCEPT: The regulatory cytokines produced by regulatory T cells are IL-12 and TGF-B O Thymocytes that recognize self-antigen in the thymus with a certain affinity become natural (central) regulatory T cells O In the periphery T cells that recognize self-antigen in the presence of TGF-B become induced regulatory T cells O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized itself provided that the peptides are derived from the same tissue O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized by itself provided that the peptides are presented by the same antigen-presenting cell (APC)

T cells andB cells. Put a check () mark in the table spaces below if the characteristic indicates the lymphocyte type. Put a cross (*) mark if III. otherwise. Characteristics T cell В сell Originates in the bone marrow May give rise to plasma cells Immunocompetence happens in bone marrow May give rise to memory cells Include regulatory, helper, and cytotoxic cells Responsible in directly attacking virus-infected cells Produces antibodies Effective against extracellular pathogens Immunocompetence happens in thymus gland Effective against intracellular pathogens Holds a surface meceptor capable of recognizing a specific antigen

Which type of cells are deficient in DiGeorge syndrome? T cells B cells. Monocytes Polymorphonuclear cells