According to the theory of rational expectations, errors in predicting inflation will a. tend to be biased downward when inflation is rising, and tend to be biased upward when, inflation is falling. b. tend to be biased upward when inflation is rising, and tend to be biased downward when inflation is falling.  c. be purely random. d. be biased upward more often than not.

If the government uses contractionary monetary policy to reduce inflation from 9 to 6 percent. If people have adaptive expectations, than Inflation rate (%) 12 10 9 8 6 4 0 4 Long run Phillips curve Natural rate 5 E Short run Phillips curve 9 Unemployment rate (%) Unemployment will rise to 8 percent in the short run. The natural rate will permanently increase to 8 percent The economy will remain stuck at point E1. Unemployment will remain at 6 percent as the inflation rate falls.

According to the Rational Expectation Theory,   A) people reformulate their expectations of inflation once a change in the inflation rate has occurred. B) people never reformulate their expectations of inflation. C) expectations of inflation are based only on past values of the inflation rate. D) people reformulate their expectations of inflation once a change in policy has occurred. E) none of the above.

An implication of the Rational Expectation Theory is that A) rational expectations of inflation are reformulated sooner than adaptive expectations of inflation. B) changes in how the inflation variable moves over time will not affect how expectations are formed. C) people can always accurately assess the actual rate of inflation. D) people always underestimate the future rate of inflation. E) people always overestimate the future rate of inflation.

Which of the following statements is false? a. There is no evidence of a negative correlation between central bank independenceand inflation. b. Housing starts are one of the leading indicators for the business cycle. c. In general, inflation, GDP growth, and unemployment have cyclical patterns. d. Inflation tends to be positively correlated with output gap.

The economy of Djibulistan is initially in long-run equilibrium. Then the CentralBank of Djibulistan increases the money supply.a. Assuming unexpected inflation as a result of the above-mentioned policy,explain any changes in output, unemployment, and inflation that arecaused by the monetary expansion. Explain your answer and conclusionsusing three graphs: IS-LM, AD-AS, and the Phillips curve. b. Assuming instead that resulting, inflation is expected, explain any changesin output, unemployment, and inflation that are caused by the monetaryexpansion. Explain your answer and conclusions using three graphs: ISLM, AD-AS, and the Phillips curve.