ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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According to the quantity theory of money, if in a year's time, real
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- 8. Inflation-induced tax distortions Pat receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 3% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 20%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high- inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 3% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Pat's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Inflation Rate Real Interest Rate Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) 2.5 6.5 (Percent) 3.0 3.0 (Percent) After-Tax Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) After-Tax Real Interest Rate (Percent) Compared with lower inflation rates, a higher inflation rate will nominal interest income. This tends to saving, thereby the economy's long-run growth rate. the after-tax real…arrow_forward5. Computer forecasting models have Group of answer choices -been able to forecast changes in the growth rate of real GDP with considerable accuracy. -had only limited success predicting turns in key economic variables such as real GDP. -been able to accurately forecast the future direction of inflation but not real GDP. -been able to accurately forecast the future direction of real GDP but not inflation. Which is correct?arrow_forward5. The slope and position of the long-run aggregate supply curve Suppose the Fed doubles the growth rate of the quantity of money in the economy. In the long run, the increase in money growth will change which of the following? Check all that apply. PRICE LEVEL Suppose the economy produces real GDP of $60 billion when unemployment is at its natural rate. 132 128 124 Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve on the graph. 120 116 112 108 The inflation rate 104 The quantity of physical capital The size of the labor force 100 The price level 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) 70 80 S Not affect the long-run aggregate supply curve O Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the left Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right c 3 LRAS Suppose the government passes a law that significantly increases the minimum wage. The policy will cause the natural rate of unemployment to , which will: ? In the following…arrow_forward
- what would be the entries?arrow_forward3. (Note: You should wait to tackle this question until after lecture on Thursday, November 19.) Suppose that the economy is initiallyin long-run equilibrium: output is at potential and, as a result, inflation is steady. Now, suppose there is a permanent upward shift of the Federal Reserve's reaction function. a. What does this upward shift in the reaction function imply about the Fed's long-run target for the rate of inflation? b. What does the change in the reaction function imply that the Fed will do to the nominal interest rate and to the real interest rate in the short run? Describe two things the Fed could do to bring about this change in interest rates. c. What will be the short-run effect of the shift in the reaction function on GDP? d. Describe briefly how GDP returns to its potential level. (Hint: What will happen to inflation after a while? How will the Federal Reserve respond to that?)arrow_forward5. Inflation and the quantity theory: Suppose velocity is constant, the growth rate of real GDP is 3% per year, and the growth rate of money is 5% per year. Calculate the long-run rate of inflation according to the quantity theory in each of the following cases: 1. What is the rate of inflation in this baseline case? 2. Suppose the growth rate of money rises to 10% per year. 3. Suppose the growth rate of money rises to 100% per year. 4. Back to the baseline case, suppose real GDP growth rises to 5% per year. 5. What if real GDP growth falls to 2% per year? 6. Return to the baseline case and suppose the velocity of money rises at 1% per year. What happens to inflation in this case? Why might velocity change in this fashion?arrow_forward
- 8. Inflation-induced tax distortions Musashi receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 4.5% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 10%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high-inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 4.5% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Musashi's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Inflation Rate Real Interest Rate Nominal Interest Rate After-Tax Nominal Interest Rate After-Tax Real Interest Rate (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) 2.0 4.5 9.5 4.5 Compared with lower inflation rates, a higher inflation rate will __increase/decrease__the…arrow_forward3arrow_forward1. (Quantity theory) In the long run, holding velocity growth constant, the growth of ________ is the cause of inflation. A) the money supply B) velocity C) real GDP D) the CPI E) None of the above. 2. The average number of times a dollar is spent on final goods and services during a year is: A) the viscosity of money. B) the virtuousness of money C) the vilification of money D) the velocity of money E) the verification of money 3. In the basic real business cycle model where prices are fully flexible, which of the following are associated with changes in aggregate demand? I. changes in real GDP. II. changes in inflation. III. changes in spending growth. A) I only B) I and III only C) II only D) I, II, and III E) II and III only F) None of the abovearrow_forward
- 5. The slope and position of the long-run aggregate supply curve Suppose the Fed doubles the growth rate of the quantity of money in the economy. In the long run, the increase in money growth will change which of the following? Check all that apply. n The level of technological knowledge n The quantity of physical capital The inflation rate n The size of the labor force Suppose the economy produces real GDP of $50 billion when unemployment is at its natural rate. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve on the graph. 132 128 LRAS 124 120 116 112 108 104 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) Suppose the government passes a law that significantly increases the minimum wage. The policy will cause the natural rate of unemployment to which will: o Not affect the long-run aggregate supply curve o Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the left o Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right In the…arrow_forwardSh 13 Economicsarrow_forward9. Inflation and unemployment Suppose that the government believes the economy is not producing goods and services at its optimal level. In an attempt to stimulate the economy, the government increases the quantity of money in the economy by printing more money. This monetary policy the economy's demand for goods and services, leading to goods and services. This, in turn, leads to a product prices. In the short run, the level of unemployment. change in prices induces firms to produce. In other words, the economy faces a trade-off between inflation and unemployment: Higher inflation leads to unemployment.arrow_forward
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