A study of parental empathy for sensitivity cues and baby temperament (higher scores mean more empathy) was performed. Let x1 be a random variable that represents the score of a mother on an empathy test (as regards her baby). Let x2 be the empathy score of a father. A random sample of 40 mothers gave a sample mean of x1 = 69.04. Another random sample of 39 fathers gave x2 = 59.72. Assume that σ1 = 11.83 and σ2 = 11.74. (a) Let μ1 be the population mean of x1 and let μ2 be the population mean of x2. Find a 99% confidence interval for μ1 – μ2. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) lower limit upper limit

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.