Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696527
Author: J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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- A process to purify glycerine from 10% to 25% is composed of an extraction tower and a distillation column. The inlet to the extraction tower has a flowrate of 1000 lb/hr and contains 10 wt% glycerine, 3% NaCl and the balance is water. Alcohol solution is also fed to the extraction tower at a flowrate of 1000 lb/hr and is 98% butyl alcohol in water. The discarded bottom outlet of the extraction column contains all of the input NaCl, as well as 1% each of glycerine and butyl alcohol. The top outlet from the extraction tower is fed to a distillation column. The top product from the distillation column contains only butyl alcohol and 5% water. The bottom product stream contains 25% glycerine and the balance water. Calculate the glycerine output flowrate (lb/hr) of the bottom product of the distillation column.arrow_forwardAssignment #5 Q: - Make Material and energy balance to calculate the following: 1- The amount of overhead and bottom product 2- The flow rate of cooling water and steam used in such process. 2000Kg/hr of a liquid binary mixture (F) composed of 20wt% acetone and 80wt% water, are continuously feed to the distillation column at 25°C. The column operates at (1atm) with top product (D) contains 98wt% acetone and a bottom product (W) contains 99.5wt% water. The vapor (V) leaving the column enters a condenser where it is condensate and cooled to 45 °C and then divided to atop product and recycle stream (R) with reflux ratio of 2.5 Kg reflux/1 Kg product. The cooling water used in the condenser enters at 25°C and leaves at 40 °C. Heat is supplied to the reboiler using dry saturated steam which enters at 40 psia and 130 °C and leaves as saturated liquid only and not subcooled. The bottom product (W) leaves the reboiler at 100°C .It can be satisfactory to use the physical properties of acetone…arrow_forwardIn a paint manufacturing process, two different colored paints are being mixed in an infinitelylarge drum.Paint A, with a concentra�on of 30% pigment, is pumped into the drum at a rate of 10 liters perminute.Paint B, with a concentration of 17% pigment, is pumped into the drum at a rate of 17 liters perminute.Both paints have the same density of 1.0 kg/liter.If the mixture is continuously stirrred and drained from the drum at a rate of 22 liters perminute, what isthe concentration of pigment in the resulting mixture?arrow_forward
- 2. A fresh feed stream contains liquid mixture containing 60 mol% A, 25 mol% B, and the remainder C is fed to a distillation column. The fresh feed molar flow rate is 100 kmol/h. The bottom product contains 5.0 mol% A, 92 mol% B, and 86.7% of the C in the feed is recovered in this stream. The bottom product is mixed with a second feed stream composed of 50 kmol/h A and 50 kmol/h B and then fed to a second column. The total amount of the overhead product of the second column is 60 moles and it is composed of only A and B. The overhead product from the second column contains 83.33 mol% A of fresh feed that is fed to first distillation column. a. Draw and completely label a flow sheet of the process. b. Calculate the amounts and compositions of all streams.arrow_forwardThe primary process to currently make hydrogen is Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) of natural gas. This involves two reaction steps in the gas phase at high temperature & high pressure using solid catalysts. The final reactor effluent is usually separated using a PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) process to produce a very high-purity hydrogen gas stream & a "tail gas" containing residual methane, CO, & hydrogen (that can be used for the process's heating requirements). The table on the right shows the composition of 100 kmol/hr reactor effluent that must be purified. The separation considerations are: The reactor effluent is cooled & free water is separated from the gas. The composition of the remaining water in the dried gas is 0.25 mol%. ● Answer the following: ● Effluct Reactor Cooling & Water Separator ● The H2 Product stream is essentially pure hydrogen but only 90% of the hydrogen in the Cooled Syn Gas is recovered as product. The remaining hydrogen is recovered in the Tail Gas…arrow_forwardNaCl crystal is created from seawater within a series of evaporation and crystallization. A feed of 10 tons/hr of seawater containing 3.6% NaCl was mixed with a recycled stream of saturated brine solution at 40 Celcius before being fed to an evaporator where it is heated to 120 Celcius. The concentrated brine solution produced from the evaporator is 54% NaCl. This brine solution was fed to a crystallizer where it was cooled down to 40 Celcius to crystallize the NaCl. The crystals produced are 96.5% NaCl. The excess saturated liquor was mixed to the fresh seawater for recycle. The solubility of NaCl at 40 Celcius is 0.366 kg of water (H2O). Calculate: NaCI Crystals + H,0 Saturated Crystallizer Brine at 40°C Evaporator Mixer Seawater Concentrated Brine at 120°C Water Vapor a) crystals production rate kg/hr b) concentrated brine solution in kg/hr c) recycle stream flow rate in kg/hrarrow_forward
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- how to draw and label a process flowchartarrow_forwardPlease show every step you used to solve each problem. A vapor mixture of 100 mol/s comprising 55 mol% benzene and 45 mol % toluene is sent to a partial condenser operating at 760 mm Hg. 75 mol% of the toluene in the feed is recovered in the liquid product. Determine all unknown flow rates, compositions, and required heat removal. and do a degree a. Draw a process flow diagram of freedom analysis b. Write out equations used to solve and to calculate all specifications used in Excel Solver unknown flow rates, compositions, C. F Specify the temperature and pressure of the feed as T₁ = 102°C and P₁ = 760 mm Hg. Choose the lowest enthalpy stream (liquid product stream) for a reference condition. Calculate the required heat removal analytically by hand (No Excel Solver). d. Create Enthalpy Tablearrow_forwardA 1:3 RATIO OF NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN REACT CATALYTICALLY AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE TO PRODUCE AMMONIA. THE NITROGEN SOURCE IS AIR AND THE SOURCE OF HYDROGEN IS FUEL OIL, NATURAL GAS, ETC. THE N2-H2 MIXTURE IS COMPRESSED AND SENT TO THE REACTOR. AT THE INLET OF THE COMPRESSOR, THE FRESH FEED IS JOINED BY A RECYCLE STREAM OF UNCONVERTED NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN. THE GASES LEAVING THE REACTOR ARE COOLED AND SOME AMMONIA LIQUEFIES AND IS REMOVED BY A SEPARATOR. PART OF THE GAS IS PURGED TO PREVENT ACCUMULATION OF INERT GASES. THE REMAINING GAS IS RECYCLED. THE OVERALL YIELD OF AMMONIA IS 85%. ONLY 80% OF THE AMMONIA FROM THE REACTOR IS LIQUEFIED; THE REST GOES WITH THE RECYCLED GAS. THE PURGE GAS CONTAINS 11.5% INERTS WHILE THE FRESH H2-N2 FEED CONTAINS 2.3%. ON A BASIS OF 1000 KG OF AMMONIA PRODUCT, CALCULATE THE AMOUNT AND COMPOSITION OF ALL STREAMS. CALCULATE THE SINGLE-PASS CONVERSION IN THE REACTOR.arrow_forward
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