A scientist studying pain processing in a mouse model administers a drug that inhibits proteolytic processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary. An increased response to painful stimuli is noted in the treated animals compared to controls. The effect of the drug is due to a lack of effective levels of Group of answer choices β-endorphin ACTH Growth Hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)

The hormone mechanism which results in the release of intracellular Ca++ is the: 2nd messenger – adenylate cyclase mechanism PIP 2nd messenger mechanism O humoral mechanism Steroid hormone mechanism

Which of the following statements describes a likely effect of a drug that enhances testosterone (a steroid) binding to its receptor in human cells? The cytosolic levels of CAMP would decrease. The production of particular proteins would begin The cytosolic calcium concentration would increase. The activity of G proteins would decrease.

The sympathetic postganglionic neurons release only norepinephrine while the adrenal medulla secretes mainly epinephrine (80%) and a small amount of norepinephrine (20%). The sympathetic postganglionic neurons do not secrete epinephrine because; Group of answer choices a. Epinephrine is not as widely used in the nervous system as norepinephrine b. Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) which converts norepinephrine to epinephrine is present in the adrenal medulla, but not in sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic neurons c. Acetylcholine which stimulates the secretion of epinephrine does not act on postganglionic neurons d. Dopamine beta hydroxylase in hyperactive in the adrenal medulla

Which of the following hormone describes the signal transduction mechanisms for estrogen a steroid hormone ?

A 67-year old man has been treated for prostate cancer. He is receiving a drug that blocks testosterone from binding to its intracellular receptor. Which of the following has this mechanism of action: Tamoxifen Flutamide Leuprolide Fulvestrant Interleukin-2

Which of the following statements regarding Antidiuretic Hormone signaling is false? - it involves the posterior pituitary - involves a first order feedback loop - it is initiated by barorecptors in the heart signaling to the hypothalamus - ADH will act in the kidneys to increase water retention, in part by changing aquaporin abundance

Consider the following: Hormone X is released by Secretory Cell A and binds to its receptor on Target Cell 1.  In response to this binding, Target Cell 1 releases Hormone Y. Based on the information above, identify whether the following statement is true or false: Hormone X is considered a tropic hormone. a. True b. False

Describe the cellular mechanism of action of peptide hormones

During a sympathetic nervous system response to an event, your heart rate increases, indicating the part of the heart responsible for controlling heart rate (the sinoatrial node) is innervated by sympathetic nerves. The SA node is also responsive to epinephrine,a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla. Explain why the onset of the effect of the hormone is so much slower than the onset of the effect from sympathetic nerve stimulation and yet the effect of the hormone lasts much longer than the effect of nerve stimulation.