A normally consolidated clay layer 3 m thick has a void ratio of 1.10. Liquid limit is equal to 40 and the average effective stress on the Clay layer was 80 Kpa The average stress on it is increased to 120 Kpa as a result of construction of a foundation. a. Compute for the consolidation settlement that will occur on the clay layer b. Compute for the consolidation settlement that will occur on the clay layer if preconsolidation pressure is 96Kpa. c. Compute for the consolidation settlement that will occur on the clay layer if preconsolidation pressure is 130 KPa.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.