A) How many origins of replication do you think the viral genome has, and why do you think this? B) Do your data support unidirectional or bidirectional replication of the viral genome? How have you come to this conclusion?

What does it mean for viral DNA to program cells? explain in your own words as simply as possible.

Researchers have recently discovered giant viruses that are 1 μm in length, the same size as some bacterial cells. The genomes of these viruses contain over 2 million base pairs of DNA, which is more DNA than is found in many bacterial genomes, and their genomes contain hundreds—in some cases, thousands—of genes. Given these observations and what you know about viruses, should viruses be considered living or nonliving? Give arguments for and against considering viruses as living organisms.

At which stage of viral infection did these mutations most likely occur?   a.) Attachment b.) Entry c.) Uncoating d.) Protein syntheis e.) Genome replicaton f.) Assembly g.) Exit

A virus that has which type of genome must carry replicase within the viral particle? (choose all that apply) ds DNA ss (+) DNA ss (–) DNA ss (+) RNA ss (–) RNA Which viral type has a genome that can be directly translated? (choose all that apply) ds DNA ss (+) DNA ss (–) DNA ss (+) RNA ss (–) RNA

The same molecular process that causes antigenic drift in HIV can lead to resistance to some antiretroviral drugs used in HIV therapy. Which of the following explains why a combinationdifferent antiretroviral drugs is more effective than a single antiretroviral drug? Select ALL that apply.a).Each antiretroviral drug has a different mechanism of action and targets a different aspect of HIV replication.b).By using 3 different antiretroviral drugs at the same time, it is highly unlikely that a combination of mutations conferring drug resistance will occur at the same time.c)Administering 3 antiretroviral drugs achieves higher levels of each drug than administering just one antiretroviral drug.d).By using 3 different antiretroviral drugs, these drugs are likely to be more effective in inhibiting the same HIV enzyme than one antiretroviral drug.e),Administering 3 antiretroviral drugs is less toxic than administering one antiretroviral drug.