A form of dwarfism known as Ellis–van Creveld syndrome was first discovered in the late 1930s, when Richard Ellis and Simon van Creveld shared a train compartment on the way to a pediatrics meeting. In the course of conversation, they discovered that they each had a patient with this syndrome. They published a description of the syndrome in 1940. Affected individuals have a short-limbed form of dwarfism and often have defects of the lips and teeth, and polydactyly (extra fingers). The largest pedigree for the condition was reported in an Old Order Amish population in eastern Pennsylvania by Victor McKusick and his colleagues (1964). In that community, about 5 per 1000 births are affected, and in the population of 8000, the observed frequency is 2 per 1000. All affected individuals have unaffected parents, and all affected cases can trace their ancestry to Samuel King and his wife, who arrived in the area in 1774. It is known that neither King nor his wife was affected with the disorder. There are no cases of the disorder in other Amish communities, such as those in Ohio or Indiana. (a) From the information provided, derive the most likely mode of inheritance of this disorder. Using the Hardy–Weinberg law, calculate the frequency of the mutant allele in the population and the frequency of heterozygotes, assuming Hardy– Weinberg conditions. (b) What is the most likely explanation for the high frequency of the disorder in the Pennsylvania Amish community and its absence in other Amish communities?
A form of dwarfism known as Ellis–van Creveld syndrome was
first discovered in the late 1930s, when Richard Ellis and Simon
van Creveld shared a train compartment on the way to a pediatrics
meeting. In the course of conversation, they discovered that
they each had a patient with this syndrome. They published a
description of the syndrome in 1940. Affected individuals have a
short-limbed form of dwarfism and often have defects of the lips
and teeth, and polydactyly (extra fingers). The largest pedigree
for the condition was reported in an Old Order Amish population
in eastern Pennsylvania by Victor McKusick and his colleagues
(1964). In that community, about 5 per 1000 births are affected,
and in the population of 8000, the observed frequency is 2 per
1000. All affected individuals have unaffected parents, and all
affected cases can trace their ancestry to Samuel King and his
wife, who arrived in the area in 1774. It is known that neither King
nor his wife was affected with the disorder. There are no cases of
the disorder in other Amish communities, such as those in Ohio or
Indiana.
(a) From the information provided, derive the most likely mode
of inheritance of this disorder. Using the Hardy–Weinberg law, calculate the frequency of the mutant allele in the population
and the frequency of heterozygotes, assuming Hardy–
Weinberg conditions.
(b) What is the most likely explanation for the high frequency of
the disorder in the Pennsylvania Amish community and its
absence in other Amish communities?
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