A DNA nucleotide is made of all of the following components except ____. A. a nitrogen-containing base B. deoxyribose sugar C. phosphate D. phospholipids QUESTION 2 Messenger RNA carries genetic information from the chromosomes to the ____. A. ribosomes B. endoplasmic reticulum C. nucleolus D. plasmids QUESTION 3 3. A ___ codes for a specific sequence of amino acids in a protein. A. gene B. nucleotide C. polyribosome D. nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
- A DNA
nucleotide is made of all of the following components except ____.
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A. a nitrogen-containing base |
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B. deoxyribose sugar |
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C. phosphate |
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D. phospholipids |
QUESTION 2
- Messenger RNA carries genetic information from the chromosomes to the ____.
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A. ribosomes |
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B. endoplasmic reticulum |
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C. nucleolus |
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D. plasmids |
QUESTION 3
- 3. A ___ codes for a specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.
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A. gene |
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B. nucleotide |
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C. polyribosome |
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D. |
QUESTION 4
- 4. The study of the structure, function, and interaction of cellular proteins is called ____.
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A. bioinformatics |
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B. proteomics |
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C. genomics |
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D. haplotypics |
QUESTION 5
- 5. Free-living organisms with a foreign gene are called ____ organisms.
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A. transposed |
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B. transmutated |
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C. transparent |
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D. transgenic |
QUESTION 6
- 6. DNA is shaped like a/an ____.
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A. alpha protein |
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B. double helix |
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C. single helix |
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D. globular protein |
QUESTION 7
- 7. Which of the following tasks is not accomplished by DNA?
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A. undergoes mutations that can provide variation |
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B. provides energy for the cell |
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C. stores information |
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D. replicates to pass a copy to the next generation |
QUESTION 8
- 8. Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning deoxyribonucleic acid?
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A. it is found within the nucleus of eukaryotes |
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B. it can be found within mitochondria |
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C. it contains a ribose sugar |
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D. it specifies the sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis |
QUESTION 9
- 9. In DNA complementary base pairing is always ____.
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A. A to T and C to G |
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B. A to C and T to G |
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C. A to G and C to T |
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D. A to U and C to G |
QUESTION 10
- 10. The ability of the DNA molecule to make a copy of itself is called ____.
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A. transcription |
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B. replication |
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C. transduction |
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D. translation |
QUESTION 11
- 11. The two strands of DNA are considered ____ and run in opposite directions of each other.
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A. parallel |
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B. anti-parallel |
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C. balanced |
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D. polymorphic |
QUESTION 12
- 12. Which of these is not a type of RNA used during protein synthesis in the cell?
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A. ribosomal RNA |
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B. messenger RNA |
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C. transfer RNA |
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D. none of these |
QUESTION 13
- 13. Which of the following bases is not found in RNA?
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A. adenine |
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B. guanine |
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C. thymine |
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D. uracil |
QUESTION 14
- 14. _____ involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
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A. Transcription |
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B. Translation |
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C. Duplication |
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D. Cloning |
QUESTION 15
- 15. _____ is converting the sequence of bases on mRNA to a sequence of amino acids.
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A. Transcription |
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B. Replication |
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C. Translation |
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D. Processing |
QUESTION 16
- 16. Transcription of part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of CATTAG results in an mRNA molecule with which complementary sequence?
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A. GTAATC |
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B. GUAAUC |
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C. GUAATC |
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D. GTAAUC |
QUESTION 17
- 17. Portions of genes that code for a particular amino acids are called ____.
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A. exons |
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B. introns |
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C. alleles |
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D. templates |
QUESTION 18
- 18. There are _____ messenger RNA codons in the genetic code.
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A. 16 |
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B. 20 |
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C. 48 |
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D. 64 |
QUESTION 19
- 19. _____ uses computer technologies to study the genome.
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A. Bioinformatics |
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B. Polymerase technologies |
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C. Genomics |
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D. Proteomics |
QUESTION 20
- 20. Using recombinant DNA technology, a restriction enzyme ____.
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A. can cut DNA at specific base sequences |
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B. removes a specific gene form human DNA |
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C. opens a bacterial plasmid |
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D. all of these |
QUESTION 21
- 21. Which of the following is attached to the transfer RNA (tRNA)?
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A. DNA |
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B. ribosome |
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C. amino acid |
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D. nucleic acid |
QUESTION 22
- 22. Which of the following is not part of protein synthesis?
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A. replication |
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B. mitosis |
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C. translation |
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D. transcription |
QUESTION 23
- 23. The codon is located on the ____.
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A. mRNA |
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B. tRNA |
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C. rRNA |
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D. DNA |
QUESTION 24
- 24. In the RNA molecule, which nitrogen base is found in place of thymine?
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A. guanine |
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B. cytosine |
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C. adenine |
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D. uracil |
QUESTION 25
- 25. During the process of transcription, which of the following is produced?
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A. H2O |
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B. ATP |
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C. mRNA |
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D. DNA |
QUESTION 26
- 26. The actual site of protein synthesis is the ____.
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A. nucleus |
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B. mitochondrion |
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C. chloroplast |
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D. ribosome |
QUESTION 27
- 27. If the DNA template reads â ATAâ , then which of the following would be the corresponding sequence on the mRNA?
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A. UAU |
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B. ATA |
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C. TUT |
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D. UCU |
QUESTION 28
- 28. The genetic code is based upon the reading of how many bases at a time?
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A. one |
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B. two |
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C. three |
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D. four |
QUESTION 29
- 29. Amino acids are held together by ____ bonds.
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A. hydrogen |
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B. peptide |
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C. ionic |
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D. high energy |
QUESTION 30
- 30. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
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A. 3 |
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B. 6 |
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C. 9 |
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D. 12 |
QUESTION 31
- 31. One similarity between DNA and messenger RNA molecules is that they both contain ____.
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A. the same sugar |
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B. genetic codes based on sequences of bases |
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C. a nitrogenous base known as uracil |
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D. double-stranded |
QUESTION 32
- 32. If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base sequence A-A-U, the corresponding transfer RNA base sequence is ____.
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A. A-A-U |
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B. G-G-T |
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C. T-T-C |
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D. U-U-A |
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