Chemistry: Matter and Change
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780078746376
Author: Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
![(a) Consider the following (overall) chemical reaction
k
A
B
The experimentally determined rate law expression reads: rate = k[A]. At 30 °C, the
value of k is 3 x 10-4 s¹. Let the initial concentration of A be [A]0 = 0.75 mol L-¹. The
reaction should proceed until only 2% of the initial amount of A is present in the
reaction mixture.
(i) How long will this take at 30°C?
(ii) What value would the rate coefficient k have to be, in order for the
concentration of A to reach the 2% level in 1 hour?
(iii) At what temperature will k reach the value you calculated in (ii) assuming
that the activation energy is 40 kJ mol¹?](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/2617a9f9-3ea5-4cff-9530-7535cc6b8a19/2b009867-d5a3-48b7-9211-7849d9d30697/ttyhr26_thumbnail.png)
Transcribed Image Text:(a) Consider the following (overall) chemical reaction
k
A
B
The experimentally determined rate law expression reads: rate = k[A]. At 30 °C, the
value of k is 3 x 10-4 s¹. Let the initial concentration of A be [A]0 = 0.75 mol L-¹. The
reaction should proceed until only 2% of the initial amount of A is present in the
reaction mixture.
(i) How long will this take at 30°C?
(ii) What value would the rate coefficient k have to be, in order for the
concentration of A to reach the 2% level in 1 hour?
(iii) At what temperature will k reach the value you calculated in (ii) assuming
that the activation energy is 40 kJ mol¹?
Expert Solution

This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
Step by stepSolved in 2 steps

Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Azomethane decomposes into nitrogen and ethane at high temperatures according to the following equation: (CH3)2N2(g)N2(g)+C2H6(g)The rate of the reaction is followed by monitoring the disappearance of the purple color due to iodine. The following data are obtained at a certain temperature. (a) By plotting the data, show that the reaction is first-order. (b) From the graph, determine k. (c) Using k, find the time (in hours) that it takes to decrease the concentration to 0.100 M. (d) Calculate the rate of the reaction when [ (CH3)2N2 ]=0.415M.arrow_forwardDiethylhydrazine reacts with iodine according to the following equation: Â (C2H5)2(NH)2(l)+I2(aq)(C2H5)2N2+2HI(aq)The rate of the reaction is followed by monitoring the disappearance of the purple color due to iodine. The following data are obtained at a certain temperature. (a) What is the order of the reaction with respect to diethylhydrazine, iodine, and overall? (b) Write the rate expression of the reaction. (c) Calculate k for the reaction. (d) What must [(C2H5)2] be so that the rate of the reaction is 5.00104mol/Lh when [ I2 ]=0.500M?arrow_forwardOne possible mechanism for the decomposition of nitryl chloride, NO2CI, is What is the overall reaction? What rate law would be derived from this mechanism? What effect does increasing the concentration of the product NO2 have on the reaction rate?arrow_forward
- The label on a bottle of 3% (by volume) hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, purchased at a grocery store, states that the solution should be stored in a cool, dark place. H2O2decomposes slowly over time, and the rate of decomposition increases with an increase in temperature and in the presence of light. However, the rate of decomposition increases dramatically if a small amount of powdered MnO- is added to the solution. The decomposition products are H2O and O2. MnO2 is not consumed in the reaction. Write the equation for the decomposition of H2O2. What role does MnO2 play? In the chemistry lab, a student substituted a chunk of MnO2 for the powdered compound. The reaction rate was not appreciably increased. WTiat is one possible explanation for this observation? Is MnO2 part of the stoichiometry of the decomposition of H2O2?arrow_forwardThe reaction NO(g) + O,(g) — NO,(g) + 0(g) plays a role in the formation of nitrogen dioxide in automobile engines. Suppose that a series of experiments measured the rate of this reaction at 500 K and produced the following data; [NO] (mol L ’) [OJ (mol L 1) Rate = -A[NO]/Af (mol L_1 s-1) 0.002 0.005 8.0 X 10"'7 0.002 0.010 1.6 X 10-'6 0.006 0.005 2.4 X IO-'6 Derive a rate law for the reaction and determine the value of the rate constant.arrow_forwardGive at least two physical properties that might be used to determine the rate of a reaction.arrow_forward
- The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?arrow_forwardHydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes in the gas phase to produce hydrogen, H2, and iodine, I2. The value of the rate constant, k, fur the reaction was measured at several different temperatures and the data are shown here: Temperature (K) k (M -1 5-1) 555 6.23107 575 2.42106 645 1.44104 700 2.01103 What is the value of the activation energy (in kJ/mol) for this reaction?arrow_forwardDefine stability from both a kinetic and thermodynamic perspective. Give examples to show the differences in these concepts.arrow_forward
- Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine to form nitrosyl chloride. NO(g)+12Cl2(g)NOCl(g) The figure shows the increase in nitrosyl chloride concentration under appropriate experimental conditions. The concentration of nitrosyl chloride actually starts at zero, although this fact may be difficult to see in the figure. (a) Write an expression for the rate of reaction in terms of a changing concentration. (b) Calculate the average rate of reaction between 40 and 120 seconds. (c) Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction after 80 seconds. (d) Calculate the instantaneous rate of consumption of chlorine 60 seconds after the start of the reaction.arrow_forwardThe following rate constants were obtained in an experiment in which the decomposition of gaseous N2O; was studied as a function of temperature. The products were NO, and NO,. Temperature (K) 3.5 x 10_i 298 2.2 x 10"4 308 6.8 X IO-4 318 3.1 x 10 1 328 Determine Etfor this reaction in kj/mol.arrow_forward(Section 11-5) A rule of thumb is that for a typical reaction, if concentrations are unchanged, a 10-K rise in temperature increases the reaction rate by two to four times. Use an average increase of three times to answer the questions below. (a) What is the approximate activation energy of a typical chemical reaction at 298 K? (b) If a catalyst increases a chemical reactions rate by providing a mechanism that has a lower activation energy, then what change do you expect a 10-K increase in temperature to make in the rate of a reaction whose uncatalyzed activation energy of 75 kJ/mol has been lowered to one half this value (at 298 K) by addition of a catalyst?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning