A 4bit D/A converter use an inverting summer as its output stage. The input voltages can be either 0 or 5 V in a binary sequence. The input resistors are as follows: R1 = 1 k, R2 = 2 k, R3 = 4 k, R4 = 8 k, and RF = 1 k. Determine the output voltage for the case where the V1 = 5 V, V2 = 5 V, V3 = 0 V, and V4 = 5 V.

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