A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to find compared with normal? Group of answer choices Increased NH4+ excretion Decreased NH4+ excretion No change in NH4+ excretion none of the above

Hyperaldosteronism (excessive aldosterone release) can be caused by many disease states including tumours in the adrenal gland. By now, we should be familiar with how this will affect sodium balance and blood pressure, but how would hyperaldosteronism affect potassium levels and why? Select one potassium effect (a or b) and one cause (c-f). a. The patient will become hyperkalemic. O b. The patient will become hypokalemic. O c. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. Od. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. O e. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct by increasing expression of EnaCs, sodium/potassium exchangers, and…

Calculate the patient’s output during your 12-hour shift in oz. 600 cc of urine at 0700 2 oz of emesis at 0830 432 mL of urine at 1200 60 mL of emesis at 1600 3 oz of stool at 1800

36. A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of lethargy. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. The results of laboratory studies are shown: Serum Na+ 165 mEq/L (N=139-146) CI- 130 mEq/L (N=95-105) 334 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N=282-295) Osmolality Urine 1.001 Specific gravity Osmolality 117 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N>200) He is admitted to the hospital. His urine output is increased. His serum ADH (vasopressin) concentration is 24 pg/mL (N=1-5); aldosterone and renin concentrations are within the reference ranges. The urine osmolality remains unchanged after administration of 1-deamino-8-arginine vasopressin. An MRI of the brain and pituitary gland shows no abnormalities. Ultrasonography shows normal kidneys. The most likely underlying cause of the findings in this patient is a defect in which of the following? A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme B) Aquaporin C) 11a-Hydroxylase D) Renin E) Vasopressin receptors