9. What biological classification system is based on analysis of traits, genetic makeup or physiology that were shared with a common ancestor until some type of divergence occurred, producing new species? a. analogous structure b. cladistics c. morphological convergence d. morphological divergence 10. Which of the following is the function of a molecular clock? a. It is to use the DNA and RNA in classifying organisms. b. It is to deduce the time in prehistory when one or more organism diverged. c. It is to identify the mutation stage of organisms during the process of evolution. d. Both B and C 11. What DNA changes the fastest and can code last common ancestors 1-100 million years ago? a. non-coding DNA b. protein DNA c. ribosomal DNA d. rDNA

9. What biological classification system is based on analysis of traits, genetic makeup or physiology that were shared with a common ancestor until some type of divergence occurred, producing new species? a. analogous structure b. cladistics c. morphological convergence d. morphological divergence 10. Which of the following is the function of a molecular clock? a. It is to use the DNA and RNA in classifying organisms. b. It is to deduce the time in prehistory when one or more organism diverged. c. It is to identify the mutation stage of organisms during the process of evolution. d. Both B and C 11. What DNA changes the fastest and can code last common ancestors 1-100 million years ago? a. non-coding DNA b. protein DNA c. ribosomal DNA d. rDNA

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

1. Which describes the modern classification system?a. based on evolutionary relationshipsb. called Linnean classificationc. based on similar appearancesd. called Darwinian classification2. If two organisms are in the same clade, what can you predict about theirrelationship?a. They are not closely related.b. They share a common ancestor.c. They compete for resources.d. One organism evolved into the other organism. 3.Which best describes traditional classification?a. It is based on shared characteristics.b. It is based on evolutionary relationships.c. It is called phylogenetic classification.d. It is called cladistics
In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups together organisms that share: derived homologous traits. derived homoplastic traits. ancestral homologous traits. ancestral homoplastic traits. all of the above.
1. Contrast homology and analogy. Give an example of homoplasy. 2. Discuss adaptation and preadaptation. 3. Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, parallel, and organic evolution. 4. What is a vestigial structure? A rudimentary structure? 5. Describe heterochrony – specifically paedogenesis, neoteny, and paedomorphosis.
1. What sort of characters are useful in constructing phylogenetic trees? A. shared derived traits B. homologous traits C. analogous traits D. A and C 2. Data from which of the following sources are used for constructing phylogenetic trees? A. fossils B. molecular data C. morphological data D. all of the above
10. Taxonomy versus Phylogenetics For novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram. It may help you to frame your argument if you start by constructing a paragraph for yourself that says: "Before reading my paper, my reader will think X. After reading my paper, my reader will think y."
2. Examine the phylogeny below, which is the phylogeny for all extant species from a genus of birds, constructed using nuclear sequences (the numbers simply label the species). 2 3 Clade A 5 6 Clade B 1 7 (a) Give two explanations for why there are more species in clade A compared to B (i.e. I want general explanations for why some clades have more species than others 4.
2. Using the labels (numbers and letters), identify the following concepts of relatedness in the cladogram shown below: autapomorphy, basal taxa, and derived taxa. B D 5 1 Autapomorphy: Basal taxa: Derived taxa:
Know Thy Line! 1. ANIMAL PHYLOGENETIC TRREE. DIRECTIONS: Read the sentences carefully. Complete the sentence with the correct word from the box. Use the Animal Phylogenetic Tree (Figure 1) below as your reference. branch point polytomy phylogeny root rooted sister taxon taxon unrooted ANIMAL PHYLOGENETIC TREE (3) mammals (1). Created in BioRender.com bio Figure 1 Animal Phylogenetic Tree avians squamates lungfish ray-finned fish
1. Gradualism is the theory that the earth’s features are the result of long-term processes that continue to operate in the present as they did in the past. TRUE or FALSE 2. Malthus explained the fossil record as the result of a succession of catastrophes followed by new creation events. True or false? 3. Taxonomy is the branch of science concerned with the rules of classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships. * true or false?
8. Evolutionary biologists can estimate when major clades probably diverged from each other using molecular clocks. How do they know when these splits happened? 9. Describe how evolutionary reversal and horizontal gene transfer make it more difficult to create an accurate phylogenetic tree
2. Using the labels (numbers and letters), identify the following concepts of relatedness in the cladogram shown below: plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, synapomorphy, autapomorphy, basal taxa, and derived taxa. A B D 5 8. 3 Plesiomorphy: Autapomorphy: Symplesiomorphy: Basal taxa: Synapomorphy: . Derived taxa:
8. Which of the following is problematic when the goal is to construct cladograms that accurately reflect evolutionary history? Group of answer choices shared derived characters homologous characters monophyletic taxa homoplastic characters