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- 5. Treatment of the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia by statins (pravastatin, for instants) allows to decrease cholesterol levels in blood up to the normal range. Explain the statin action on the cholesterol metabolism. For that: a) draw the scheme of the cholesterol synthesis, indicate the key enzyme of the pathway; b) name all mechanisms of the key enzyme regulation and statin's action; c) describe the structure of LDL receptor and its function in cholesterol metabolism; d) explain the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia and the symptoms of the disease.30. A patient weighing 77 kg should receive a dose of 1.23 g of daratumumab (DARZALEX) in treating multiple myeloma. The drug is available in a 20-mL vial containing 400 mg of daratumumab. How many milliliters of this solution should be administered to provide the recommended dose?2. 3. Where in your cell can you find the instructions for how to make all of the proteins?*
- VI. Although most biologically relevant sugars have the D-configuration, L-fucose is a commonly observed monosaccharide component in glycoproteins. Glycosylated antibodies (IgGs) observed in patients with active TB have more fucose than those found in patients with latent TB (Lu et. al., 2016). Latent TB occurs when a person has the TB bacteria, but bacterial proliferation is kept under control by the body's immune system; hence, the infected person is asymptomatic and not infectious. A person with latent TB will test positive for the tuberculin test or TB blood test. a) L-fucose is also known as 6-deoxy-L-galactose. Note that D-galactose is a C-4 epimer of D-glucose. Draw the Fisher projections for D-glucose, D-galactose and L-fucose. (Hints: D- and L-isomers are enantiomers. 6-deoxy means that the hydroxyl group at C-6 is removed leaving just the methyl group). D-galactose: D-glucose: L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose): b) L-fucose can cyclize into a pyranose and form two anomers. Draw…19. 150 mCi of D2O is injected in your patient. 10% of D2O is excreted. The concentration of D2O in a plasma sample is found to be 0.4 mCi/100 ml. What is your patient' s Total Body Water in L? 20. the diffusion coefficient states that: A. the larger the molecular radius of the solute, the slower the rate of diffusion B. the more viscous the solution, the slower the rate of diffusion C. the smaller the molecular radius of the solute, the faster the rate of diffusion D. the more viscous the solution, the faster the rate of diffusion E. the larger the molecular radius of the solute, the faster the rate of diffusion 21 You are experimenting on diffusion rates in lab. Down the center of Beaker A is a semipermeable membrane. On one side of the membrane in Beaker A is a 100mM solution of CaCl2; on the other side is pure water.Down the center of Beaker B is a semipermeable membrane. On one side of the membrane in Beaker B is a 10mM solution…5. Anesthetic gases used in surgery are known to bind to the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells. The diagram below illustrates O2 binding curves of normal human HbA in the presence of the anesthetic gas dichloromethane (DCM). O UNTREATED 100 a Dсм 23 Torr Symbols: в Dсм 50 Torr x DCM I00 Torr o, 0 Torr DCM; O, 23 Torr DCM A, 50 Torr DCM x, 100 Torr DCM. 80 60 40 (1 Torr = 1 mm Hg.) 20 The solutions were buffered to pH 7.4. 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 log p02 (a) (* Hill plots. Label the axes and indicate on both the plot above and the Hill plot where the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant Ka for O2 binding is defined for 0 and 100 Torr of dichloromethane For the curves at 0 and 100 Torr of dichloromethane, draw their equivalent in the form of Kd Hb(O2)n Hb + nO2 % OXYGENATION
- 3 i. Define Biological Value (BV) of Proteinsii. What are the advantages of this protein evaluation method when compared to Nbalance and chemical score?5iii. A bull consumes 7 kg DM of feed containing 60 g N/kg. The bull excretes 120 g N inthe faeces and 50 g N in the urine. The feacal and urinary N had 20 g metabolic feacalnitrogen (MFN) and 6 g endogenous urinary nitrogen (EUN) respectively.Calculate the BV of the protein in the diet.6. Draw the products that would be produced from phospholipase C cleavage of a glycerophospholipid with a phosphoserine head group, an alpha linoleic acid attached to C_{2} of glycerol and a linoleic acid attached to C_{3} of glycerol. Draw these products at pH = 1 . Be sure to number the fatty acid carbons in your products.9. A daily diet of a 55-ycar-old woman, consisted of a 500 g of carbohydrates, 100 g of animal fats and 150 g of proteins, at the background of low physical activity. What possible consequences for the lipid metabolism such lifestyle could trigger? For the answer: a) compare the daily food consumption of the patient with the norm for this age and level of physical activity; b) draw the scheme of TAG synthesis in the liver and continue with their following transport to the tissues; c) draw the scheme of metabolic pathways which are more active in adipocytes of this patient compared with an individual of the same age consuming balanced dict; d) name the biologically active molecules released by adipocytes of this patient.
- 5. The proteins listed below are separated by (1) isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by (2) sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A single sample of the protein mixture is placed at the top center of the gel to begin step 1. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Protein Collagen y-Globulin Insulin Fibronectin Lysozyme Pepsin Serum Albumin Myoglobin Molecular Weight 300,000 150,000 5,700 220,000 14,300 34,500 66,500 16,700 Conc pl 0.5 mg/L 4.7 1 mg/L 7.2 12 mg/L 5.3 5.8 11.0 5 mg/L 2 mg/L 10 mg/L - added prior to running IEF? left out of the process entirely? 4 mg/L 2 mg/L 1.0 4.9 7.1 A. Which of these proteins would electrophoresis NOT separate effectively? B. Which of these proteins would isoelectric focusing NOT separate effectively? Type fibrous a-helices globular protein globular protein fibrous protein enzyme digestive enzyme blood protein muscle protein C. Show the expected results after each step, by drawing qualitative diagrams similar to those shown in the class…47. Tretinoin gel (RETIN-A MICRO) is avail- able in two strengths: 0.1% w/w and 0.04% w/w. Which of these represents equivalent concentrations of the two strengths? (a) 15 mg/15 g and 30 mg/30 g (b) 5 mg/5 g and 0.06 g/15 g (c) 15 mg/15 g and 60 mg/15 g (d) 30 mg/30 g and 6 mg/15 g 47. (d) 30 mg/30 g and 6 mg/15 g5. Anesthetic gases used in surgery are known to bind to the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells. The diagram below illustrates O2 binding curves of normal human HbA in the presence of the anesthetic gas dichloromethane (DCM). O UNTREATED 100 Symbols: a Dсм 23 Torr • DCM 50 Torr x DCM I00 Torr o, 0 Torr DCM; О, 23 Torr DСМ Д, 50 Torr DСМ x, 100 Torr DCM. 80 60 40 (1 Torr = 1 mm Hg.) 20 The solutions were buffered to pH 7.4. 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 log p02 For the curves at 0 and 100 Torr of dichloromethane, draw their equivalent in the form of (a) (* Hill plots. Label the axes and indicate on both the plot above and the Hill plot where the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant Kd for O2 binding is defined for 0 and 100 Torr of dichloromethane Kd Hb(O2)n nO2 Hb + Be sure to label the axes, indicate the units on both axes, and make the Hill plot so that the values of Kd are equivalent to those on the saturation plot above. Indicate whether cooperativity, as indicated by the Hill…