9. Explain how a small amount of growth factor can mediate an amplified signal inside the cytoplasm of the cell and lead to the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus

2. A husband and wife both have normal skin pigmentation. Their first child is albino. Give the genotypes of the parents and of the albino child. Give the genotypes of the parents and of the albino child. What is the chance that if they have a second child, this child will not be albino? what is the chance that if they have a third child, this child will be albino? 3. translate the following sequence of messenger RNA nucleotides in a sequence of amino acids forming part of a polypeptide chain  a. C-U-G-U-U-U-U-G-C-A-G-U-G-G-U-U b. write the sequence of nucleotides for the portion of a DNA molecule that served as a pattern or template for the formation of the messenger RNA above.  c. A certain protein contains the following sequence of amino acids: isoleucine-serine-arginine-glutamic acid-serine-proline-valine-glutamic acid. Using the table found in your text, write the sequence of RNA triplet that would code for this sequence of amino acids. then write the sequence of DNA triplets that…

2. Consider the scenario where a DNA mutation occurs in a person's skin cells, where the gene p53 becomes damaged, and can no longer be transcribed and translated into a functioning 53kd protein. Why might a mutation of this nature be especially concerning to someone who experiences regular exposure to skin carcinogens, such as UV light? ✓✓✓

6. Vampire bats are mammals that consume blood as their only source of nutrients. Because blood is rich in iron, it is necessary for the digestive system of the vampire bat to manage excess iron. Like humans, ferritin and transferrin receptor gene products are expressed by the vampire bat genome and function to maintain iron homeostasis. Ferritin A. The iron response element (IRE) binding protein is able to regulate expression of both ferritin and transferrin receptor genes. What feature of these genes allows for specific regulation by the IRE binding protein? B. How is activity of the IRE binding protein regulated? C. In an environment with excess iron, what levels of mRNA and protein do you expect to detect of Ferritin and Transferrin receptor? Briefly explain. Explanation Transferrin receptor RNA levels ( ) high ( ) low ( ) high ( ) low Protein levels () high levels ( ) low levels () high levels ( ) low levels