87. A 58-year-old man who is a construction worker comes to the office because of a 1-week history of pain on the right side of his head. One week ago, he says he struck his head on a beam while carrying drywall to the second floor of a house under construction. He has had dry mouth, excessive thirst, and increased urinary frequency during this period. His puise is 120 min respirations are 25/min, and blood pressure is 120/65 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dry mouth and decreased skin turgor. Urine osmolality is 196 mOsmol/kg HD (287) An MRI o the brain shows a hyperintense signal consistent with hemorrhage of the posterior pituitary gland. This patient most likely has decreased renal reabsorption of which of the following? OA) Chloride ions OB) Magnesium ions C) Potassium ions OD) Sodium ions OE) Water

Derrick is a 72-year-old man who is attending a hospital emergency department with increased shortness of breath. This is due to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Assessment on arrival at hospital: Respiratory rate = 32 breaths per minute Oxygen saturation level = 89% on 2 litres Oxygen via nasal specs Symptoms began approximately two days ago and have progressively worsened Appears to be tearful and anxious about being in hospital and his shortness of breath, but does not appear able to express his feelings on this Derrick tells a nurse that he has recently been told that he has 12 months left of his life Previous Medical History: COPD, Hypertension, Anxiety [No known drug allergies], Derrick was diagnosed with COPD ten years ago Derrick’s COPD has recently been classified at Stage 4 and he has 2 litres of Oxygen therapy at home Derrick is an ex-smoker. He was smoking up to 30 cigarettes a day but quit five years ago Derrick is experiencing more…

75. In a healthy person who is standing, which of the following best characterizes findings in the apical regions of the lungs if compared with the basal regions? Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio Compliance Alveolar PO 2 A) B) C) D OE) No change No change ↑ ↓ ↑ ↑ no change ↑ ↓ no change no change no change ↑ ↑

What is a sign of hypoxemia? blue colored lips cap refill <3 seconds pink mucous membranes a respiratory rate of 15

Changes of respiratory and circulatory system (of the child being born) change at birth.   Help answering the following question: How do the changes in the circulatory and respiratory systems affect gas exchange and pH balance?

The table below shows the activity of the diaphragm and associated changes. Complete the table to identify the changes that would be occurring relative to the diaphragm’s activity.  Action of diaphragm: Movement of diaphragm? Volume of thoracic cavity? Size of lungs? Direction of airflow? Contracted  inferiorly or superiorly?                                    increases or decreases?                                  increases or decreases?                                out of lungs or into lungs ?      Relaxed  inferiorly or superiorly?    increases or decreases?                                    increases or decreases?      out of lungs or into lungs ?    choose the answers

What is the avreage peak flow for men and woman if they had asthma

38. Which of the following patterns of oxygen saturation most likely represents those obtained from a normal fetus (1 representing the highest saturation and 4 representing the lowest saturation)? A) B) C) D) E) Umbilical Vein 1 1 4 4 Inferior Vena Cava at the Diaphragm 23wNN Superior Vena Cava 3 423 3 Left Atrium 4 3 1 1 2

Hiccups can be described as jerky incomplete inspiration. (true/false)

38. Which of the following patterns of oxygen saturation most likely represents those obtained from a normal fetus (1 representing the highest saturation and 4 representing the lowest saturation)? A) B) C) D) E) Umbilical Vein 1 1 4 4 4 Inferior Vena Cava at the Diaphragm 2 2 3 2 1 Superior Vena Cava 3 4 2 3 3 Left Atrium 4 3 1 1 2