In response to the psycological stress of taking Human Physiology exam, the student next to you begins to hyperventilate and soon starts to show dizziness. Someone gives the student a paper bag to breathe into. Explain the change in the blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH expected in the affected student. Then explain the rationale behind the paper bag 'treatment'.

match the following descriptions/figures to either normal breathing or hyperventilation.

The table below shows the activity of the diaphragm and associated changes. Complete the table to identify the changes that would be occurring relative to the diaphragm’s activity.  Action of diaphragm: Movement of diaphragm? Volume of thoracic cavity? Size of lungs? Direction of airflow? Contracted  inferiorly or superiorly?                                    increases or decreases?                                  increases or decreases?                                out of lungs or into lungs ?      Relaxed  inferiorly or superiorly?    increases or decreases?                                    increases or decreases?      out of lungs or into lungs ?    choose the answers

You take the vital signs for a client who does not appear to be in any distress and denies complaints of pain or shortness of breath. His oxygen saturation is 87% on room air. You see in his previously charted vitals that the saturation was 86%. You have two other clients who have requested your attention, including one who has been waiting for a shower. What will you do next

All of the following factors increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen EXCEPT:   Increased temperature   Increased pH   Decreased pCO2   Decreased 2,3-DPG   All of the above increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen The conduction zone:   Question 7 options:   participates in some gas exchange   secretes mucus which is moved down into the respiratory zone of the lungs   dries moist air as it moves into the respiratory zone   equilibrates incoming air to body temperature   none of the above are correct The respiratory membrane for gas exchange includes (select the best answer):   Question 8 options:   Capillary endothelial cells   Type I alveolar cells   Type II alveolar cells   A and B above   A and C above

A pilot is flying a commercial, pressurized (760mmHg) airplane at 30,000 feet. If the pilot’s body temperature is normal and the alveolar PO2 is 100 mmHg, which of the following is true? Atrieal PCO2 is 40 mmHgAlveolar PCO2 will be 100 mmHgThe pilot will be polycythemicAlveolar ventilation will be increasedAterial pH will be 7.6

A student undertakes a project to determine the effect of carbon dioxide on respiration rate using the following methodology. A volunteer inhaled air from a bag containing a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide (with partial pressure in torr) and the number of breaths per minute was recorded. Her data are given below: Partial pressure CO2 (torr) Respiration rate (breaths/minute) 30 8.1 32 8.0 34 9.9 36 11.2 38 11.0 40 13.2 42 14.6 44 16.6 46 16.7 48 18.3 50 18.2                   Choose the best statistical test for this study.   a. Correlation   b. Simple Linear Regression   c. Non-Linear Regression   d. General Linear Model Regression

Under conditions where normal breathing isn’t sufficient, other muscles will assist the diaphragm in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity. A muscle that increases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (↑/↓) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration). A muscle that decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity will cause pressure to (↑/↓) which means that it is helping with forced (inspiration/expiration).

After finishing last in the gymnastics competition (they had to cut him free from the rings), it is now time for synchronised swimming. In order to be able to breathe under water, Marco has snuck in a balloon which he will breathe in and out of while submerged. Consider how the following parameters will change over time as he continues to re-breathe from the balloon. Ignore the pressure effects of the water on Marco and the balloon. Central chemoreceptor activity Minute ventilation Plasma pH Arterial PO2 [Choose ] ✓ [Choose ] Diameter of pulmonary arterioles Decrease No change Increase [Choose ] [Choose ]

Discuss how oxygen is transported (respiratory system)