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- Please help me to answer the TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS: 1. Briefly describe the synthesis of mRNA in the transciptuon process 2. Write the base sequence for the mRNA that would be formed during transcription from the DNA strand with the base sequence GCCATATTG. Thank you very much for your help.Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following? protein function transcriptional regulation chromatin modification all of the aboveNew drugs are being developed that decrease DNA methylation and prevent the removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins. Explain how these drugs could affect gene expression to help kill tumor cells.
- I. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a transcription factor that is similar to steroid hormone receptors. Thesubstance (ligand) that binds to this receptor is retinoicacid. One of the genes whose transcription is activatedby retinoic acid binding to the receptor is myoD. Thediagram that follows shows a schematic view of theRAR proteins produced by genes into which one oftwo different 12-base double-stranded oligonucleotides had been inserted in the ORF. The insertion site(a–m) associated with each mutant protein is indicatedwith the appropriate letter on the polypeptide map.For constructs encoding proteins a–e, oligonucleotide 1(5′ TTAATTAATTAA 3′ read off either strand) wasinserted into the RAR gene. For constructs encoding proteins f–m, oligonucleotide 2 (5′ CCGGCCGGCCGG 3′)was inserted into the gene.NH2 f g h i j k l m COOHa b c d eThe wild-type RAR protein can both bind DNA and activate transcription weakly in the absence of retinoic acid(RA) and strongly in RA’s presence. Each…Please help me answer the TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS: 1. Describe the differences in the transcription and translation processes as they occur in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is the relationship among exons, introns, and hnRNA? Thank you very much for your help.1a. Provide a paper published in a scientific journal between January 2018 and September 2022 that addresses the role of an example of histone modification in affecting expression of a gene by altering histone acetylation/chromatin state of the DNA encoding that gene.
- 1a. Provide a paper published in a scientific journal between January 2018 and September 2022 that addresses the role of an example of histone modification in affecting expression of a gene by altering histone acetylation/chromatin state of the DNA encoding that gene. What organism and/or cell type did the authors do their study in?Section B: True / False (5 marks) 1. Primase has a DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity. 2. 7-methylguanosine cap is added to the 5' end of the DNA after replication in eukaryotes. 3. snRNA is produced in transcription. 4. Initiator tRNA enter ribosome with the help of EF-Tu. 5. At low oxygen partial pressure Po2, myoglobin has lower oxygen affinity than hemoglobin.III. Discuss the following aspects of translation: 1. How does the location and timing of transcription/translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 2. How do the types of ribosomes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 3. How does the first amino acid of the translated protein differ between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?
- II. Use the eukaryotic gene DNA sequence below to answer the following questions: 1 11 21 CGACTTACTG 51 TGGACGCGCC 101 61 GGCGTATAAA GCGACGACTG TAGACTGATG AGCCTATCCA 111 71 121 31 ATGGCCCTGT AAGCGGTGCG ATGCAATAAA ACGCGTATCA 81 Polyadenylation signal in the corresponding mRNA: Kozak's sequence in the corresponding mRNA: Start (initiation) codon in the corresponding mRNA: Stop (termination) codon in the corresponding mRNA: 61-69 c. Where is the 3' UTR? Circle one. 70-111 14-60 131 41 GTCATTCAGC GTAGTCTGAT GCCAGTCGAC TGCATTGGAC ACCGGTTACA 91 a. Write the corresponding sequences, circle & label them in the sequence above: TATA box sequence: (label as TATA) 37-45 73-90 141 (label as poly-A) b. What region of mRNA contains the open reading frame that will be translated into protein? Circle one. 51-111 (label as Kozak) (label as start) (label as stop) 71-81 85-150A. In transcription, a region of DNA opens up. One strand, the template strand, serves as a template for synthesis of a complementary RNA transcript. The other strand, the coding strand, is identical to the RNA transcripf in sequence, except that it has uracil (U) bases in place of thymine (T) bases. Given the following piece of messenger RNA (MRNA): CCUGCAGUAUGAAACGCCUGGUAGAAGGUGGGAAGUGGUGCGCC... Answer the following questions. 1. List the complementary non-coding DNA sequence. This refers to the template strand. (Please insert a space every after three letters for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.) 2. List the DNA strand sequence complementary to the template strand. This refers to the coding strand. (Please insert a space every after three letters for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.) 3. List the amino acid sequence of the protein coded for. (Please insert a space every after one amino acid for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.)Explain why DNA replication must be primed by RNA. Explain how splicing happens in 4-5 sentences. Splicing is caused by a complex called spliceosome. This complex removes introns and joins the exons. It is called post transcriptional processing of RNA. (What I have so far) If you can only answer the first question, that is fine! Thank you for your help!