
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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**Understanding Genetic Inheritance Patterns**
**4. Genetic Study of Trait Inheritance**
You have been studying a trait that seems to be present in every generation within a particular family. Further, you have observed that every affected offspring has at least one affected parent in any particular generation.
a) Is this trait more likely due to a dominant or recessive allele?
b) Interestingly, this allele is completely penetrant in the homozygous state while only 75% penetrant in the heterozygous condition. If two heterozygous individuals who carry this allele are mated, what is the expected proportion of affected progeny?
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**Explanation:**
- **Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles:**
- The trait appears in every generation, which suggests a dominant allele pattern.
- **Penetrance:**
- The allele shows complete penetrance in homozygous individuals and partial penetrance (75%) in heterozygous individuals.
- **Progeny Analysis:**
- When two heterozygous individuals mate, the expected proportion of affected progeny needs to be calculated considering the penetrance levels.
This pattern can be represented using a Punnett square, which helps in understanding the expected genetic outcome when two carriers mate.
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