Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics
Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain b…
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**II. What is the probability that this pair of parents will produce the indicated offspring?** **Genotypes:** - Parents: Aa Bb DD × aa Bb Dd - Offspring: Aa Bb Dd **Instructions:** Punnett squares for each trait can help with this! **Diagrams:** There are three separate Punnett squares. Each square is a 2x2 grid, representing possible genetic combinations for each trait. The squares are used to calculate the probability for each genotype: 1. **First Punnett Square:** Represents the probability of offspring being Aa. 2. **Second Punnett Square:** Represents the probability of offspring being Bb. 3. **Third Punnett Square:** Represents the probability of offspring being Dd. **Probability Calculation:** \[ \text{Probability (P) of Aa Bb Dd} = P(Aa) \times P(Bb) \times P(Dd) = \_\_\_\_ \] This setup demonstrates how to calculate the probability of the offspring having the specific genotype Aa Bb Dd by using Punnett squares for each trait independently. The overall probability is obtained by multiplying the individual probabilities for each trait.
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Transcribed Image Text:**II. What is the probability that this pair of parents will produce the indicated offspring?** **Genotypes:** - Parents: Aa Bb DD × aa Bb Dd - Offspring: Aa Bb Dd **Instructions:** Punnett squares for each trait can help with this! **Diagrams:** There are three separate Punnett squares. Each square is a 2x2 grid, representing possible genetic combinations for each trait. The squares are used to calculate the probability for each genotype: 1. **First Punnett Square:** Represents the probability of offspring being Aa. 2. **Second Punnett Square:** Represents the probability of offspring being Bb. 3. **Third Punnett Square:** Represents the probability of offspring being Dd. **Probability Calculation:** \[ \text{Probability (P) of Aa Bb Dd} = P(Aa) \times P(Bb) \times P(Dd) = \_\_\_\_ \] This setup demonstrates how to calculate the probability of the offspring having the specific genotype Aa Bb Dd by using Punnett squares for each trait independently. The overall probability is obtained by multiplying the individual probabilities for each trait.
**Pedigree Analysis for Inheritance Patterns** **III. For each of these three pedigrees, determine the likely mode of inheritance and the probability that individual with a diamond symbol will express the trait.** **Pedigree A:** - A pedigree chart showing four generations. - Generation I consists of one couple. - Generation II shows three offspring, highlighted by one filled circle indicating the trait expression. - Generation III has five offspring, without filled symbols. - Generation IV shows three offspring, with one filled square indicating trait expression, and one diamond symbol needing analysis. **Questions:** - Mode of inheritance: ____________________ - Probability that individual ⬥ expresses the trait: _____ **Pedigree B:** - A second pedigree chart, also with four generations. - Generation I includes one filled symbol out of three individuals. - Generation II consists of two filled squares among four individuals. - Generation III has two individuals, both without the trait. - Generation IV is a single individual represented by a diamond symbol. **Questions:** - Mode of inheritance: ____________________ - Probability that individual ⬥ expresses the trait: _____ **Pedigree C:** - A third pedigree chart, featuring four generations. - Generation I has three individuals, with one filled square. - Generation II includes seven individuals with three filled symbols. - Generation III shows five individuals with two filled squares. - Generation IV displays five individuals with two filled symbols and a diamond symbol needing analysis. **Questions:** - Mode of inheritance: ____________________ - Probability that individual ⬥ expresses the trait: _____ This exercise involves identifying patterns of genetic inheritance and calculating probabilities based on the presented pedigrees.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Pedigree Analysis for Inheritance Patterns** **III. For each of these three pedigrees, determine the likely mode of inheritance and the probability that individual with a diamond symbol will express the trait.** **Pedigree A:** - A pedigree chart showing four generations. - Generation I consists of one couple. - Generation II shows three offspring, highlighted by one filled circle indicating the trait expression. - Generation III has five offspring, without filled symbols. - Generation IV shows three offspring, with one filled square indicating trait expression, and one diamond symbol needing analysis. **Questions:** - Mode of inheritance: ____________________ - Probability that individual ⬥ expresses the trait: _____ **Pedigree B:** - A second pedigree chart, also with four generations. - Generation I includes one filled symbol out of three individuals. - Generation II consists of two filled squares among four individuals. - Generation III has two individuals, both without the trait. - Generation IV is a single individual represented by a diamond symbol. **Questions:** - Mode of inheritance: ____________________ - Probability that individual ⬥ expresses the trait: _____ **Pedigree C:** - A third pedigree chart, featuring four generations. - Generation I has three individuals, with one filled square. - Generation II includes seven individuals with three filled symbols. - Generation III shows five individuals with two filled squares. - Generation IV displays five individuals with two filled symbols and a diamond symbol needing analysis. **Questions:** - Mode of inheritance: ____________________ - Probability that individual ⬥ expresses the trait: _____ This exercise involves identifying patterns of genetic inheritance and calculating probabilities based on the presented pedigrees.
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