4. With the use of P22 as a generalized transducing phage grown on a pur+ pro* his+ bacterial donor, a recipient strain of genotype pur pro his was infected and incubated. Afterward, transductants for pur+, pro*, and his* were selected individually in experiments I, II, and III, respectively. a. What medium is used in each of these selection experiments? b. The transductants were examined for the presence of unselected donor markers, with the following results: I II III prohis 86% pur his 44% pur pro 20% pro+ his 0% purt his 0% pur pro 14% pro his+ 10% pur his 54% pur prot 61% pro+ hist 4% purt hist 2% pur prot 5%

1. A set of 4 Hfr bacterial strains were used in a time-of-entry experiment to map the locations of nine genes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I). The experiment was terminated after 22 minutes, which did not provide enough time to map all 9 genes with a single Hfr strain. Using the data on the amount of time it took to transfer each gene to a recipient during conjugation (see table below), draw a circular map of the genes on the bacterial chromosome. Your map should also indicate the Hfr origins of transfer with arrows. You don't need to indicate relative distances between genes, but you should use the given times of entry to figure out relative gene order. G H n/a 13 n/a 9 в с n/a n/a n/a |13 n/a 17 n/a 14 n/a n/a| 12 А D E F I Hfr 1 Hfr 2 1 22 10 n/a n/a n/a 2 n/a n/a |8 n/a n/a n/a 11 Hfr 3 n/a 4 Hfr 4 n/a n/a 2 18

0.9kb dna fragment inserted into GEM1lr.colonies modt likely...... light blue blue  white  no colonies  ......... used to confirm presence of 0.9 kb . dna sequencing  Pcr microarray a and b

13) The pLacZ cloning vector has an MCS with 10 different palindromes, that is, where you can clone using 10 different enzymes. How many different combinations of enzymes could be used to clone? (This is a measure of the versatility of the vector) a) 2^10 b. 4^3 c. 10^2 d. 3^4 14)One of the first vaccines achieved thanks to the tissue culture technique was that of influenza, True or False? 15) In the context of biotechnology, what does the term clone mean? a) Synonym of Dolly, identical copies of a multicellular organism b. Many copies of some cellular organelle. c. Production of drugs and medicines for diseases, but under the control of ethical standards d. Chimeric molecules (vector and insert), inside a bacteria replicating to form a colony e. Identical copies of proteins from recombinant DNA