Looking ahead4. IPTG is an analog of lactose which is used to release the repressor on the lac operonallowing our protein to be produced.a. Draw IPTG and lactose and indicate the portions that are the same for bothstructures.b. Propose a reason that IPTG is used instead of simply adding lactose.

It can be defined as any alteration in a particular gene which gives rise to a different expression…

Answered: 4. IPTG is an analog of lactose which…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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For some time it was not clear whether lac repressor inhibits lac operon transcription by inhibiting the binding of RNA polymerase to its pro- moter or by allowing transcription initiation but blocking elongation past the site of bound repressor. How might you distinguish between these possibilities?
1. The lactose operon is controlled by both lactose and glucose. Fill in the following table to indicate what would be occurring under different cellular conditions Lactose absent present absent present Glucose Operon Activity (high/low) absent absent present present low high 10W high CAMP Repressor (bound/free) (high/low) bound free buind will high high low CAP (bound/free) bound free full
2. Assume you have identified a new operon in bacteria (which you call the suc operon) that encodes enzymes required for catabolism of the sugar sucrose. The structural genes that are required to breakdown sucrose are transcribed from a promoter (Psuc). One of these enzymes is encoded by the sucS gene. Expression of the operon is controlled by a regulator, called SucR, which binds to an operator (O). Using your knowledge of the lac operon, interpret the results of the following experiments (Table 1) to propose a model describing how the sucrose operon might be regulated. Cell genotype Production of SucS enzyme Without sucrose With sucrose R* O* P* s* R O* p* s* ++ R* O P* S* -- RO* p* s* / R* Oʻ p* 5 R° O* p* S ++ -- ++ ++ Table 1. Production of SucS enzyme in various strains. “-" in the cell genotype indicates a loss of function mutation, “+" indicates wild type function, two genotypes separated by a / indicate a merodiploid or partial diploid. R° is a mutant version of SucR that…
Operons A. Draw a schematic of the lac operon when glucose is low and lactose is high in the cell’s environment. B. Draw a schematic of the trp operon when tryptophan levels in the environment are low. C. What is the lux operon and how is affected by quorum sensing?
Explain how the lac operon is regulated under the following conditions. Include the following terms in your answers: Repressor, Operator, RNA polymerase, CAP site, CAP protein, Promoter A. Lactose and glucose are both present. B. Lactose and glucose are both absent. C. Lactose is present and glucose is absent.
1. (a) Lactose levels are high Lac Operon Genes are switched OFF Lac Operon Genes are switched ON Does NOT affect the gene expression (b) Enhancer and activator proteins are working together Gene is switched ON Gene is switched OFF Does NOT affect the gene expression
Please Explain
3 5. Suppose you performed a B-galactosidase assay on E. coli with a l*P+O°Z*Y operon. What results would you expect in the absence and presence of IPTG? 6. If you did not get the expected results for the previous question, but you knew the genotype of the operon was correct, name two ways your experiment could have gone wrong.
28. Which statement does NOT explain why the lac operon would not be effectively regulated by an attenuation mechanism like the trp operon? 1.Lactose is a substrate for the lac operon protein products. 2.Products of lac operon enzymes are not used in protein synthesis. 3.Transcription and translation do not happen simultaneously for the lac operon. 4.Attenuation is a suitable regulatory mechanism for anabolic amino acid pathways. 5.All of these statements explain why regulation by attenuation would not be effective for the lac operon.
In the ara operon in E. coli cells, AraC will bind to its specific target DNA when_ O a. when there is no glucose in cells. O b. it does not bind arabinose O c. it binds arabinose O d. it binds allolactose.
Explain the steps in Lac Operon. Take note, important enzymes and chemicals are needed in your explanation.
3. Explain why catabolite repression is used in regulating the lac operon and describe how it fine-tunes B-galactosidase synthesis. 4. Compare the control of gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of: a. transcription b. regulatory mechanisms and its components

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4. IPTG is an analog of lactose which is used to release the repressor on the lac operon allowing our protein to be produced. a. Draw IPTG and lactose and indicate the portions that are the same for both structures. b. Propose a reason that IPTG is used instead of simply adding lactose.