4 GIBBS ENERGY The following reaction happens in red blood cells CO2(g) + H2O (1) HCO3(aq) Using the following thermodynamic data (at 298.0 K) AH (kJ mol) 393.51 -285.83 CO2(g) H₂O (1) - CO (04) -699.65 Sm (IK 'mol) 213.7 69.9 187.4 (a) Calculate the standard entropy and the standard Gibbs energy of reaction at 298.0 K. Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic? (b) Using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, determine the standard Gibbs energy of the reaction at 310.0 K (37.0°C, body temperature). Notes Assume that the enthalpy of reaction does not change from 25.0°C to 37.0°C.

Given that H f for HF(aq) is -320.1 kJ/mol and S for HF(aq) is 88.7 J/mol K, find Ka for HF at 25C.

For a liquid, which would you expect to be larger, Sfusion or Sevaporation? Why?

Suppose you have an endothermic reaction with H = + 15 kJ and a S of 150 J/K. Calculate G and Keq at 10, 100, and 1000 K.

What is a spontaneous reaction?

Suppose you have an exothermic reaction with H = 15 kJ and a S of +150 J/K. Calculate G and Keq at 10, 100, and 1000 K.

In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous process, why is it important that the phrase “continuous intervention” be used rather than just “intervention?”

For the system 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) K=1.32 at 627. What is the equilibrium constant at 555C?

Another step in the metabolism of glucose, which occurs after the formation of glucose6-phosphate, is the conversion of fructose6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate(bis meanstwo): Fructose6-phosphate(aq) + H2PO4(aq) fructose l,6-bisphosphate(aq) + H2O() + H+(aq) (a) This reaction has a Gibbs free energy change of +16.7 kJ/mol of fructose6-phosphate. Is it endergonic or exergonic? (b) Write the equation for the formation of 1 mol ADP fromATR for which rG = 30.5 kJ/mol. (c) Couple these two reactions to get an exergonic process;write its overall chemical equation, and calculate theGibbs free energy change.

Explain why absolute entropies can be measured.