3. The state of stress at a point in a continuum body is given by X 1.5 0 1.0 0 00 [a] 1.5 0 MPa where X is a non-zero value but has not been determined. If the body is made up of a brittle material that fractures along the plane of maximum principal stress and the critical tensile stress at which fracture occurs is 5 MPa, (a) what is the maximum value of X that the body can sustain without fracture? (b) if X were to reach the critical value, what would be the orientation of the fracture plane? Show the stress state on a properly oriented element.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
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Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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**Stress at a Continuum Body Point**

The state of stress at a point in a continuum body is given by the stress tensor:

\[
\sigma = \begin{bmatrix} X & 1.5 & 0 \\ 1.5 & 1.0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \text{ MPa}
\]

In this context, \(X\) is a non-zero value that needs to be determined. This problem involves a brittle material that fractures along the plane of maximum principal stress, with a critical tensile stress of 5 MPa where fracture occurs.

### Questions

(a) **Determine Maximum Value of \(X\):**  
What is the maximum value of \(X\) that the body can sustain without experiencing fracture?

(b) **Orientation of the Fracture Plane:**  
If \(X\) reaches the critical tensile stress value, what would the orientation of the fracture plane be? Illustrate the stress state on a properly oriented element.

### Explanation

- **Matrix Explanation:**  
  - The matrix represents the state of stress in a continuum body, with each element representing stress in a particular direction or plane.
  - The principal stresses are to be calculated to determine the maximum stress conditions.
  
- **Problem Context:**
  - The material is brittle, implying fracture occurs at specific stress levels.
  - The critical tensile stress for fracture is given as 5 MPa, which guides the calculations for \(X\).

This problem requires understanding principal stresses, tensor analysis, and fracture mechanics to solve for \(X\) and determine the fracture plane's orientation.
Transcribed Image Text:**Stress at a Continuum Body Point** The state of stress at a point in a continuum body is given by the stress tensor: \[ \sigma = \begin{bmatrix} X & 1.5 & 0 \\ 1.5 & 1.0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \text{ MPa} \] In this context, \(X\) is a non-zero value that needs to be determined. This problem involves a brittle material that fractures along the plane of maximum principal stress, with a critical tensile stress of 5 MPa where fracture occurs. ### Questions (a) **Determine Maximum Value of \(X\):** What is the maximum value of \(X\) that the body can sustain without experiencing fracture? (b) **Orientation of the Fracture Plane:** If \(X\) reaches the critical tensile stress value, what would the orientation of the fracture plane be? Illustrate the stress state on a properly oriented element. ### Explanation - **Matrix Explanation:** - The matrix represents the state of stress in a continuum body, with each element representing stress in a particular direction or plane. - The principal stresses are to be calculated to determine the maximum stress conditions. - **Problem Context:** - The material is brittle, implying fracture occurs at specific stress levels. - The critical tensile stress for fracture is given as 5 MPa, which guides the calculations for \(X\). This problem requires understanding principal stresses, tensor analysis, and fracture mechanics to solve for \(X\) and determine the fracture plane's orientation.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Determine the given data

Stress space tensor comma straight sigma equals open square brackets table row straight X cell 1.5 end cell 0 row cell 1.5 end cell cell 1.0 end cell 0 row 0 0 0 end table close square brackets
Fracture space occurs space at space Principal space stress space hence comma straight sigma subscript 1 equals 5 space MPa
To space determine colon
straight a right parenthesis The space maximum space value space of space straight X
straight b right parenthesis Orientation space of space plane space

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