3. The data in the following table represent the base composition of two double stranded DNA sources and their RNA products in experiments conducted in vitro. A+T A+U A+G Species G+C G+C C+U Bacillus subtilis 1.36 1.30 1.02 E. coli 1.00 0.98 0.80 From the above data, is it possible to determine whether the RNA of these species is copied from a single strand or from both strands of the DNA? How? (HINT: Drawing a diagram may make it easier to solve this problem). Explain how it is possible to tell whether the RNA itself is single stranded or double stranded.

In the following figure, provide RNA sequence of Gene a and Gene b in a 5'-3' direction. Provide the DNA sequence of Gene c on the non-template strand. 4. Genes a and c are transcribed from the bot strand,... RNA DNA 5' 3 Gene a GGACCTA Gene b Gene c 3' 5' ACGTCAG RNA RNA UUAGAUC ...and b is transcribed from the top strand.

Restriction endonucleases are bacterial enzymes that cleave duplex (double-stranded) DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. The mode of replication of the animal virus SV40 has been investigated by using restriction endonucleases that cleave SV40 DNA into a number of unique segments. Like most viruses, SV40 DNA is circular. The map positions of the 11 fragments produced by a pair of restriction endonucleases are shown on the next page. Immediately following a 5 or 10 minute pulse of radioactively labeled thymidine, labeled SV40 molecules that have completed replication during the pulse are isolated. These newly replicated DNA molecules are digested by the restriction endonucleases and the resulting fragments are analyzed for the relative amounts of pulse label they contain. The results are in the table below. Assume that at the time the label was added there was a random population of replicating SV40 DNA molecules in all possible stages of synthesis. From the information given below,…

What is the consensus sequence of these three DNA sequences? 5' - G G T G C A C - 3'5' - A A T T C A C - 3'5' - G G T T C T C - 3'

There are three names that often get used when discussing the Lowry assay. Those names are: Lowry, Folin-Ciocalteu, and Biuret. Are those names interchangeable when discussing the assay or do those names describe the same thing(s)? Significant differences? What is the relationship between those names?

Draw one cycle of PCR reaction below the following diagram

4

For each of the following ( A & B ) provide the method of transfer and a brief explanation as to why the method would not take place under the conditions described . 1. Which method of DNA transfer between bacteria would not take place if the donor and recipient were separated by a filter with a pore size of 0.45 um or another physical barrier 2. Which method of transfer would be blocked by the presence of high concentrations of DNAase ( enzymes capable of degrading DNA ) ?

From an Escherichia coli strain, five Hfr strains were isolated. The location and orientation of the transfer origin of each Hfr strain is shown in Figure 1. You want to use these five strains to map the locus responsible for thiamine synthesis, called thi. Each Hfr strain is sensitive to rifampicin (Rifs) and thi*. Conjugation experiments are performed between each of the Hfr strains and an F strain Rif Thi™. 0 T leu 10 20 T nadD pyrC trp 40 T his 60 70 2) The results are shown in the following table: Donor strain Hfr1 Hfr2 Hfr3 Hfr4 Hfr5 cysG 80 90 1) What is the selection medium used in these conjugation experiments metA Colonies Thi+ 1000 0 400 0 25 100 Hfr1 Hfr2 Figure 1: Chromosome map of Escherichia coli. Five Hfr strains (Hfr1 to Hfr5) were isolated and the location and orientation of the origin of transfer is shown by the arrows in each Hfr strain. Distances in minutes are shown. Leu: leucine biosynthesis; nadD: NAD biosynthesis; pyrC: pyrimidine biosynthesis; trp: tryptophan…

PCR is a molecular biology technique where template DNA is amplified using a primer and oligonucleotides. The reaction is catalyzed by a thermostable DNA polymerase and in a particular reaction, the template strands are denatured at 95˚C. For strand hybridization, the melting temperature is 55˚C. What do you predict about the average duration of H bonds at the high temperature in comparison to the low temperature?