3. Inside a distillation column, a downward-flowing liquid and an upward-flowing vapor maintain contact with each other. The vapor stream becomes increasingly rich in the more volatile components of the mixture as it moves up the column, and the liquid stream is enriched in the less volatile components as it moves down. The vapor leaving the top of the column goes to a condenser. A portion of the condensate is taken off as a product (the overhead product), and the remainder (the reflux) is returned to the top of the column to begin its downward joumey as the liquid stream. The condensation process can be represented as shown below: Vapor CONDENSER Condensate CONDENSATE TANK TOPOF DISTILLATION Overhead Product COLUMN Reflux A distillation column is being used to separate a liquid mixture of ethanol (more volatile) and water (less volatile). A vapor mixture containing 89.0 mole% ethanol and the balance water enters the overhead condenser at a rate of 100 lb-mole/h. The liquid condensate has a density of 49.0 Ibm/ft", and the reflux ratio is 3 Ibm reflux/lbm overhead product. When the system is operating at steady state, the tank collecting the condensate is half full of liquid and the mean residence time in the tank (volume of liquid/volumetric flow rate of liquid) is 10.0 minutes. Determine the overhead product volumetric flow rate (t/min) and the condenser tank volume (gal).

As a process engineer in the resin plant, you are dismayed to find in your morning round that the steam supply to your well stirred resin reactor was lost sometime between 6 and 8 AM. Luckily, the operator shut off the reactor feed and withdrawal streams, but the temperature of the resin in there is now falling as the log sheet shows. (Your capital request to improve reactor insulation got hung up in committee). If the resin in reactor gets down to 40 °C, it will begin to solidify and the cleanup will be a real mess. You decided to do a quick calculation to see how much time you have before this happens. Please present your analysis and calculations in the blank space below. Log Sheet Data Time Resin Temp. Ambient Temp. Notes °C °C 05:00 60 10 06:00 60 10 07:00 Lost steam, stop reactor flows 08:00 55 10 09:00 51 10

Please include your diagram, mass balances, and full work. Thank you.

The vapor leaving the top of a distillation column goes to a condenser in which either total or partial condensation takes place. If a total condenser is used, a portion of the condensate is returned to the top of the column as refcr and the remaining liquid is taken off as the overhead product (or distillate). If a partial condenser is used, the liquid condensate is returned as reflux and the uncondensed vapor is taken off as the overhead product. The overhead product from an n-butane-n-pentane distillation column is 93 mole% butane. The temperature of the cooling fluid limits the condenser temperature to 39 °C or higher. REFLUX DRUM a) Using Raoult's law, estimate the minimum pressure at which the condenser can operate as a partial condenser (i.e., at which it can produce liquid for reflux) b) The production rate of overhead product is 50 kmol/h, and the mole ratio of reflux to overhead product is 2:1. Calculate the molar flow rates and compositions of the reflux stream and the vapor…