Concept explainers
Please ONLY answer 2d and 2e
2a. A mass moving back and forth on a spring obeys the sinusoidal equation x(t) = A cos(2πft), where A is the amplitude of the oscillation or the maximum displacement of the mass from its equilibrium position, f is the frequency of the oscillation and t is the time. If the amplitude is 10.0 cm and the frequency is f = 0.500 Hz, what is the position of the mass at t = 3.00 s?
2b. The velocity of the mass is also a sinusoidal function with the same period and frequency: v(t) = -vmax sin(2πft). Calculate vmax and the velocity of the mass v(t) when t = 3.00 s.
2c. What is the period T of this oscillation?
2d. If you evaluate the position function at t = 0 s the cosine of zero is 1 so you get the maximum amplitude of the oscillation, A. This occurs at the maximum stretch of the spring from its equilibrium position. For a mass on a spring this corresponds to the maximum spring potential energy, and because the velocity is zero at the endpoints of the oscillation, the kinetic energy at the endpoints is zero, so this value represents the total energy of the system: U(x) = 1⁄2 k x2 so U(x=A) = 1⁄2 k A2 If the spring constant k = 19.74 N/m, what is the total energy of this system?
2e. The maximum velocity occurs at the equilibrium position when the spring is not stretched. This position is x = 0, here the spring potential energy is zero and the kinetic energy is maximum and equal to the total energy of the system. What is the maximum speed of the mass if m = 2.00 kg? Hint: the kinetic energy is given by K = 1⁄2 mv2 andKmax =Umax =1⁄2kA2
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Step by stepSolved in 3 steps
- When a pendulum swings back and forth through a small arc, its horizontal displacement is given by D= A sin (t square root of 980 divided by L) where D is in cm, L is the length of the pendulum in cm, t is in seconds after passing the lowest point, and A is the maximum width the pendulum swings to the left and right. If the length of a pendulum is 100cm, find the earliest time for wich the deisplacement is maximized. How long is a clock pendulum that has a period of 1 sec. (This is the primary idea behind the classic grandfather clock.)arrow_forwardDoes the period of a pendulum depend upon the mass of the pendulum? How can you obtain the answer to this question? If you suggest experimentation, write a procedure for the experiment. Draw a graph of the period of the pendulum vs. length. Is it linear? (Hint: No, but what doe it look like?) Given the formula for the period of the pendulum would you expect the relationship between period and length to be linear? What are the top two sources of error in this experiment?arrow_forwardA mass on the end of a spring oscillates with an amplitude of 35cm at a frequency of 20 Hz (cycles per second). At t = 0 the mass is at its equilibrium position (x = 0). a) Find the possible equations describing the position of the mass as a function of time, in the form x = A cos (ωt + φ), giving the numerical values of A, ꞷ and φ. b) What are the values of x, dx/dt, and d2x/dt2 at t = 3⁄4 sec?arrow_forward
- We can use the formulas presented in this module to determine both the frequency based on known oscillations and the oscillation based on a known frequency. Let’s try one example of each. (a) A medical imaging device produces ultrasound by oscillating with a period of 0.400 μs. What is the frequency of this oscillation? (b) The frequency of middle C on a typical musical instrument is 264 Hz. What is the time for one complete oscillation?arrow_forwardA spring (200 N/m) is attached to a mass (0.4kg) and are positioned horizontally. When the mass is at x = 2 cm it is the mass moving at 1.3 m/s. Write an equation for the position of the mass with respect to time. Assume that at t = 0 the mass is passing through equilibrium.arrow_forwardA oscillation is described by the following function of velocity against time: v(t) = (3.2 m/s) sin [(21.2 rad/s)f] What is this oscillator's amplitude, in meters? Answerarrow_forward
- The period p of a pendulum, or the time it takes for the pendulum to make one complete swing, varies directly as the square root of the length L of the pendulum. If the period of a pendulum is 1.1 s when the length is 2 ft, find the period when the length is 3 ft. Round to the nearest hundredth.arrow_forwardQ. 2: Derive a relation for the time period of a simple pendulum using dimensional analysis. The various possible factors on which the time period T may depend upon a) Length of pendulum (I) b) Mass of the bob (m) c) Angle 0. d) Accerlation due to gravity. Find the relation for the time period. · RIGID SUPPORT . BOB в (a) (b) Figure 2arrow_forwardAn oscillator has an equation of x(t) = (0.12 m) cos( 4.2t) Assuming that w is in SI units (radians/s), find the period of oscillation in seconds with two digits of precision. Your Answer: Answerarrow_forward
- A pendulum has a length of 0.00272 m. What is the period of its oscillation?arrow_forwardThe quartz crystal used in an electric watch vibrates with a frequency of 32.768 Hz. What is the period of the crystal’s motion?arrow_forwardThe position of x of an oscillating particle as a function of time t is given by x= A cos (Bt) where A and B are constants. What are the physical dimension of those constants?arrow_forward
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningLecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-WesleyCollege Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON