238Pu, which decays by the emission of an alpha-particle, has been used as a thermal power source. (a) What is the daughter nuclide the results from the alpha-decay of 238Pu? (b) What is the Q-value for the radioactive decay in MeV? [ Ans. 5.59 MeV ] (c) What is the energy recoverable as heat per decay in MeV? Provide two answers, one assuming all of the energy produced is dissipated as heat, and one assuming only the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is useful.

The following data are available for the two "traditional" solid forms of carbon at 300 K, Allotrope AH combustion (kJ/mol) 5° (J/mol-K) Density (g/cm³) diamond 2.397 graphite 5.740 (a) What is the Gibbs energy (in kJ/mol) of the transition from graphite to diamond at 1 bar and 300 K? In which direction is the process spontaneous? Using these same parameters, calculate the Gibbs energy at 1000 K. Does the system move closer to or further from phase equilibrium at this higher temperature? 395.320 393.425 3.513 2.260 (b) Estimate the pressure (in bars) at which the two allotropes would be in equilibrium at 1000 K. To address this question, consider how the Gibbs energy changes with pressure at a given T using (30) = V. Assume that the densities of the two allotropes are ӘР. independent of pressure (this is actually incorrect in real life!).

In the laboratory, you are studying the first-order conversion of a reactant X to products in a reaction vessel with a constant volume of 1.000L. At 1:00 p.m., you start the reaction at 22 °C with 1.000 mol of X. At 2:00 p.m., you find that 0.800 mol of X remains, and you immediately increase the temperature of the reaction mixture to 34 °C. At 3:00 p.m., you discover that 0.350 mol of X is still present. You want to finish the reaction by 4:00 p.m. but need to continue it until only 0.025 mol of X remains, so you decide to increase the temperature once again.

23. Write free energy change (AG), standard free energy change (AG), and biochemical free energy change conditions (AG") (leave blank if something doesn't apply to the condition) Temperature Pressure Reactant's initial conc. to eiayiczbyr of 10 [H+] conc. [H₂O] Free energy change standard free energy (AG) change (AG") 298 K 1 atm Biochemical standard free energy change (AGI) 298 K 1 atm