2.141 Blond hair types in the Southwest Pacific. A mutation of a pigmentation gene is theorized to be the cause of blond- hair genotypes observed in several Southwest Pacific islands. The distribution of this mutated gene was investi- gated in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Apr. 2014). For each in a sample of 550 Southwest Pacific islanders, the effect of the mutation on hair pigmentation was measured with the melanin (M) index, where M ranges between -4 and 4. The box plots below show the distribu- tion of M for three different genotypes-CC, CT, and TT. Identify any outliers in the data. For which genotypes do these outliers occur? 2 -1 -2 어 СС CT TT Genotype Hair M Index 3.

Suppose a researcher conducted a study examining the effectiveness of font type (OpenDyslexic vs. Times New Roman) on reading comprehension for 20 students with dyslexia. After reading a passage in one of the two fonts, 10 students in each of the two font conditions completed a brief reading comprehension test of 15 questions. The number of correctly answered questions for each student is given in the table below: Complete the following in the context of conducting data analysis/ a. Calculate the average number of correct test questions for each group b. Calculate the standard deviation for each group c. Calculate the median and mode for both groups d. Calculate the interquartile range for each group OpenDyslexic 10 9 11 8 24867 12 14 Times New Roman 6675 & Na 43 4 2 8 9

A random sample of n1 = 157 people ages 16 to 19 were taken from the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and 12 were found to be high school dropouts. Another random sample of n2 = 129 people ages 16 to 19 were taken from Sweetwater County, Wyoming, and 6 were found to be high school dropouts. Do these data indicate that the population proportion of high school dropouts on Oahu is different (either way) from that of Sweetwater County? Use a 1% level of significance. (a) What is the level of significance?   What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference p1 − p2. Do not use rounded values. Round your final answer to two decimal places.) (c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

A study indicates that CB radio use speeds up activity in the brain. As part of a randomized crossover study, 36 participants were fitted with a CB radio device on each ear and then underwent two positron emission topography, or PET, scans to measure brain glucose metabolism. During one scan, the CB radios were both turned off. During the other scan, an automated 40- minute muted signal was sent to the radio on the right ear. The order of when the signal was received (for the first or second scan) was randomized. Comparison of the PET scans showed a minor increase in activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna during the transmission of the automated signal. Was this an observational study or an experiment? Explain why. O The study is an observational study because the reseashers cannot control the response variable during the signal. O The study is an observational study because the researchers only observe values of the response and explanatory variables. O The study is…