2. Girl-student had a cup of sweet tea with the cake after preceding 5-hour break in the food intake. How is carbohydrate metabolism in the liver changed under these circumstances? In the answer draw the schemes explaining how hormones "switch over" carbohydrate metabolism from the post-absorptive state to the absorptive state.
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- Side-effects of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) include all, except Peptic ulcer Reduced kidney function GIT bleeding O Seizures Ketoprofen: is a propionic acid derivative that inhibits both COX (non selectively) and * lipoxygenase True FalseDiscuss the 3 mechanisms of abnormal carbohydrates metabolism that result in the development of ketone bodies in the urine and give examples of the condition to each.Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…
- containing Compared to the glucose-sweetened beverages, beverages caused significant increases in belly fat, fatty liver, and never cause satiety. This is learnt from the course materials. O galactose Ocellulose fructose lactose insulin7. During several days, Patient A got a meal with high caloric value, and Patient B- with a low caloric value. What are the differences in the lipid metabolism in these two patients? What is the insulin/glucagon ratio in these patients after a meal? Which metabolic pathways rather activated in Patient A and how is it being controlled? 8. The adipose tissuc is not only store triacylglycerols but also is active endocrine organ. Explain this function of the adipose tissuc. For that: a) explain the sclinical obesity and possible conscouences of the discase:Why can't the adult liver metabolize ketone substances? Discuss.
- 1.. Discuss how the inability to synthesize insulin and glucagon would impact lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism.the adolescent who eats only packaged canned goods to the exclusion of fresh produce will son manifest a deficiency of (Cholecalciferol, folic acid, ascorbic acid or beta- carotene)?7. During several days, Patient A got a meal with high caloric value, and Patient B - with a low caloric value. What are the differences in the lipid metabolism in these two patients? What is the insulin/glucagon ratio in these patients after a meal? Which metabolic pathways rather activated in Patient A and how is it being controlled?
- Outline the functions of the following hormones in relation to digestion and/or the maintenance of metabolic balance: gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, glucagon and leptin1. Indicate the effect of insulin and glucagon on the following metabolic processes. Write INCREASE or DECREASE. INSULIN GLUCAGON Glycolysis Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis Protein synthesis Proteolysis Glucose uptake Glucose release 1. 11. 2. 12. 3. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15. 16. 6. 7. 17. 18. 9. 19. 10. 20. II. Indicate whether the following metabolic processes primarily occur during the FED STATE or FASTED STATE, 1. Release of insulin 2. Release of glucagon 3. Glycolysis 4. Glycogenesis 5. Gluconeogenesis 6. Lipogenesis 7. Glycogenolysis 8. Lipolysis 9. Glucose release 10. Glucose uptake3. A patient has got excess carbohydrate meal for the years and gain the weight. To explain this: a) draw the schemes of TAG synthesis in the liver; b) describe the transport of TAG from the liver to adipose tissue; c) describe the functions of insulin in the conversion of glucose to TAG in the liver and adipose tissue. Glucose containing Catoms was added to isolated hepatocytes inanexperiment. Ifthe glucose was added in excess, the rate of triacylglyccrol synthesis increased.